Based upon a lengthy review conducted by the Hypoxia Advisory Panel (HAP) of the Science Advisory Board for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) chaired by Virginia Dale
Consolidates extensive research on hypoxia and analyses management practices
Since 1985, scientists have been documenting a hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico each year. The hypoxic zone, an area of low dissolved oxygen that cannot s- port marine life, generally manifests itself in the spring. Since marine species either die or ee the hypoxic zone, the spread of hypoxia reduces the available habitat for marine species, which are important for the ecosystem as well as commercial and recreational shing in the Gulf. Since 2001, the hypoxic zone has averaged 2 1 16,500 km during its peak summer months , an area slightly larger than the state 2 2 of Connecticut, and ranged from a low of 8,500 km to a high of 22,000 km . To address the hypoxia problem, the Mississippi River/Gulf of Mexico Watershed Nutrient Task Force (or Task Force) was formed to bring together represen- tives from federal agencies, states, and tribes to consider options for responding to hypoxia. The Task Force asked the White House Of ce of Science and Technology Policy to conduct a scienti c assessment of the causes and consequences of Gulf hypoxia through its Committee on Environment and Natural Resources (CENR).
Authors and Affiliations
Div. Environmental Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA
Virginia H. Dale
College of William & Mary, Virginia Institute for Marine Science, Gloucester Point, USA
Donelson Wright
Dept. Econmics, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
Catherine L. Kling
Center for Environmental Science, University of Maryland, Solomons, USA
Walter Boynton
Inst. Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
Judith L. Meyer
Dept. Biological &, Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA
Kyle Mankin
Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, Savannah, USA
James Sanders
Dept. Environmental &, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, USA
James Opaluch
GeoBiosphere Science Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Daniel J. Conley
US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, USA
Holly Stallworth,
Thomas Armitage
Dept. Ecology, Evolution, &, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
William Crumpton
Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Moorehead City, USA
Hans Paerl
Nicholas School of the Environment &, Duke University, Durham, USA
Kenneth Reckhow
Dept. Natural Resources &, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
Mark David
Maurice Lamontagne Inst., Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Mont-Joli, Canada
Denis Gilbert
Dept. Crop, Soil, & Environmental, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA
Andrew N. Sharpley
US Geological Survey, Reston, USA
David Wangsness
Dept. Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
Robert W. Howarth
College of Agriculture &, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
Thomas W. Simpson
Dept. Oceanography, Texas A & M University, College Station, USA
Thomas Bianchi
Dept. Chemical, Biomedical &, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hobroken, USA
Alan Blumberg
Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Tifton, USA
Richard Lowrance
International Plant Nutrition Institute, Conway, USA
Clifford S. Snyder
Bibliographic Information
Book Title: Hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Virginia H. Dale, Donelson Wright, Catherine L. Kling, Walter Boynton, Judith L. Meyer, Kyle Mankin, James Sanders, James Opaluch, Daniel J. Conley, Holly Stallworth, William Crumpton, Hans Paerl, Thomas Armitage, Kenneth Reckhow, Mark David, Denis Gilbert, Andrew N. Sharpley, David Wangsness, Robert W. Howarth, Thomas W. Simpson, Thomas Bianchi, Alan Blumberg, Richard Lowrance, … Clifford S. Snyder
