Nitrogen Deposition, Critical Loads and Biodiversity

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xxix

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2. Nitrogen Deposition, Critical Loads and Biodiversity: Introduction

   • W. Kevin Hicks, Richard Haeuber, Mark A. Sutton

   Pages 1-4

3. Monitoring and Modelling Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 5-5

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   2. Progress in Monitoring and Modelling Estimates of Nitrogen Deposition at Local, Regional and Global Scales

      • Frank Dentener, Robert Vet, Robin L. Dennis, Enzai Du, Umesh C. Kulshrestha, Corinne Galy-Lacaux

      Pages 7-22

   3. Gaseous Nitrogen Emissions from Australian Cattle Feedlots

      • O. Tom Denmead, Deli Chen, Doug Rowell, Zoe Loh, Julian Hill, Stephanie Muir et al.

      Pages 23-29

   4. Ammonia Emissions in the US: Assessing the Role of Bi-directional Ammonia Transport Using the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model

      • Megan L. Gore, Ellen J. Cooter, Robin L. Dennis, Jon E. Pleim, Viney P. Aneja

      Pages 31-38

   5. Regional Scale Modelling of the Concentration and Deposition of Oxidised and Reduced Nitrogen in the UK

      • Anthony J. Dore, Małgorzata Werner, Jane R. Hall, Christopher J. Dore, Stephen Hallsworth, Maciej Kryza et al.

      Pages 39-47

   6. High Rates of Wet Nitrogen Deposition in China: A Synthesis

      • Enzai Du, Xuejun Liu

      Pages 49-56

   7. Enrichment of Atmospheric Ammonia and Ammonium in the North China Plain

      • Jianlin Shen, Xuejun Liu, Andreas Fangmeier, Fusuo Zhang

      Pages 57-65

   8. Nitrogen Deposition within the Littoral-Highlands County of Croatia Between 1996 and 2008

      • Ana Alebic-Juretic

      Pages 67-73

   9. Atmospheric Deposition of Reactive Nitrogen in India

      • Umesh C. Kulshrestha, Monika J. Kulshrestha, Jetta Satyanarayana, Loka Arun K. Reddy

      Pages 75-82

   10. Dry and Wet Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition in West Central Africa

       • Corinne Galy-Lacaux, Claire Delon, Fabien Solmon, Marcellin Adon, Véronique Yoboué, Jonas Mphepya et al.

       Pages 83-91

   11. Interannual Variability of the Atmospheric Nitrogen Budget in West African Dry Savannas

       • Claire Delon, Corinne Galy-Lacaux, Marcellin Adon, Catherine Liousse, Aaron Boone, Dominique Serça et al.

       Pages 93-105

   12. Assessment and Characterisation of the Organic Component of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition

       • Sarah E. Cornell

       Pages 107-116

   13. Wet Deposition of Nitrogen at Different Locations in India

       • P. S. P. Rao, P. D. Safai, Krishnakant Budhavant, V.K. Soni

       Pages 117-123

4. Nitrogen Impacts on Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 125-125

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   2. Factors Affecting Nitrogen Deposition Impacts on Biodiversity: An Overview

      • Roland Bobbink, W. Kevin Hicks

      Pages 127-138

   3. What Happens to Ammonia on Leaf Surfaces?

      • J. Neil Cape

      Pages 139-146

   4. Effects of Nutrient Additions on the Diversity of the Herbaceous-Subshrub Layer of a Brazilian Savanna (Cerrado)

      • Thiago R. B. de Mello, Cássia B. R. Munhoz, Mercedes M. C. Bustamante

      Pages 147-154

   5. Leaf Litter Decomposition and Nutrient Release Under Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Nitrogen Plus Phosphorus Additions in a Savanna in Central Brazil

      • Tamiel K. B. Jacobson, Mercedes M. C. Bustamante

      Pages 155-163

This volume brings together extended reviews and papers of new scientific research on atmospheric nitrogen deposition impacts globally. While there is a wealth of evidence on the magnitude, components and effects of nitrogen disposition on floral biodiversity in Europe and North America, there is an obvious lack of information on impacts on above- and below-ground fauna, and all impacts in other parts of the world, with no clear overview of how the different strands of evidence fit together. This overall synthesis is targeted at the international conventions, but is equally readable for scientists, environmental managers, conservation agencies and policy makers. 'This timely book highlights the global nitrogen deposition problem. Major regions of the world are exceeding sustainability thresholds for adverse effects on ecosystem function and biodiversity. This highlights the importance of ongoing work, including under the Convention on Biological Diversity, in developing indicators and monitoring nitrogen deposition effects to enable appropriate measures. This book presents a milestone towards this global goal as the international community works toward meeting the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, especially Target 8: "By 2020, pollution, including from excess nutrients, has been brought to levels that are not detrimental to ecosystem function and biodiversity". Braulio Ferreira de Souza Dias, Executive Secretary, Convention on Biological Diversity “This key volume highlights the global challenge to reduce atmospheric nitrogen pollution resulting from energy production, transport and agricultural activities. It takes forward the agenda recently launched in the UNEP commissioned report ‘Our Nutrient World”. Dr. Anjan Datta, UNEP.

• Nitrogen critical loads and levels
• Nitrogen deposition and ecosystem services
• Nitrogen disposition monitoring and modelling
• Nitrogen impacts on biodiversity
• Policy, mitigation and international conventions
• air pollution and air quality
• terrestrial pollution
• water quality and water pollution

• Edinburgh Research Station, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, United Kingdom

  Mark A. Sutton

• Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Edinburgh Research Station, Penicuik, United Kingdom

  Kate E. Mason, Lucy J. Sheppard

• University of Lund Department of Chemical Engineering II, Lund, Sweden

  Harald Sverdrup

• US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, USA

  Richard Haeuber

• Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom

  W. Kevin Hicks

Mark A. Sutton is a leading international expert in the behaviour of nitrogen compounds in the atmosphere and their impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. He has a special interest in interactions of atmospheric ammonia and on development of the science policy interface. He is based at the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (Edinburgh) and is currently Chair of the International Nitrogen Initiative. Kate E. Mason is an information systems professional working at the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (Edinburgh). She has an MScEcon in Archives and extensive experience working in academic libraries and archives. Lucy J. Sheppard has been leading field manipulation experiments into pollution effects on terrestrial ecosystems for nearly 30 years. She has a special interest in effects of different N forms on semi-natural vegetation and carbon cycling in peatlands. She is based at the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (Edinburgh). Harald Sverdrup researches actively into chemical weathering of minerals in soils, and the modelling of soil chemistry and forest and aquatic ecosystems involving population dynamics and nutrient and pollution flows. His research on Critical Loads has been used widely under the UNECE-LRTAP Convention where his team have built and adapted models such as PROFILE, SAFE, FORSAFE, AGRO-SAFE and BigMERK to regional use in Europe. At present he focuses on integrated sustainability assessments and is using biogeochemical models to drive biodiversity models. He has been Professor of Chemical Engineering at Lund University since 1994. Richard Haeuber leads the Assessment and Communications Branch in the Clean Air Markets Division of the US Environmental Protection Agency. He was formerly Associate Director of the Ecological Society of America’s Science Programs Office, where he focused on the ecological effects of air pollution on terrestrial, aquatic, and coastal ecosystems. As a Congressional Fellow, he advised US Senate staff on airquality issues and multi-pollutant control legislation. W. Kevin Hicks is a leading researcher with an interest in the transfer of scientific information to the policy process, especially concerning air pollution impacts on terrestrial ecosystems from local to global scales and the linkages between air pollution, climate, biodiversity and ecosystems services. He currently sits on Steering Committee of the European Centre of the International Nitrogen Initiative (INI) and is a Senior Research Fellow at the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), Environment Department, at the University of York, UK.

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