New Developments in Mode-Water Research

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-ix

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2. Progress of North Pacific mode water research in the past decade

   • Eitarou Oka, Bo Qiu

   Pages 1-16

3. Review on North Pacific Subtropical Countercurrents and Subtropical Fronts: role of mode waters in ocean circulation and climate

   • Fumiaki Kobashi, Atsushi Kubokawa

   Pages 17-39

4. New perspectives on eighteen-degree water formation in the North Atlantic

   • Terrence M. Joyce

   Pages 41-48

5. Mixed layer depth front and subduction of low potential vorticity water under seasonal forcings in an idealized OGCM

   • Shiro Nishikawa, Atsushi Kubokawa

   Pages 49-58

6. The role of meso-scale eddies in mixed layer deepening and mode water formation in the western North Pacific

   • Shinya Kouketsu, Hiroyuki Tomita, Eitarou Oka, Shigeki Hosoda, Taiyo Kobayashi, Kanako Sato

   Pages 59-73

7. Roles of mode waters in the formation and maintenance of central water in the North Pacific

   • Katsuya Toyama, Toshio Suga

   Pages 75-88

8. Interannual variations of the Hawaiian Lee Countercurrent induced by potential vorticity variability in the subsurface

   • Hideharu Sasaki, Shang-Ping Xie, Bunmei Taguchi, Masami Nonaka, Shigeki Hosoda, Yukio Masumoto

   Pages 89-107

9. Interannual variations in low potential vorticity water and the subtropical countercurrent in an eddy-resolving OGCM

   • Masami Nonaka, Shang-Ping Xie, Hideharu Sasaki

   Pages 109-120

10. Interannual variability of the North Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent: role of local ocean–atmosphere interaction

    • Fumiaki Kobashi, Shang-Ping Xie

    Pages 121-134

11. Response of the North Pacific subtropical countercurrent and its variability to global warming

    • Lixiao Xu, Shang-Ping Xie, Qinyu Liu, Fumiaki Kobashi

    Pages 135-145

This book consists of the articles from the special issue of “New developments in mode-water research: Dynamic and climatic effects” in the Journal of Oceanography, Vol. 68 No. 1, 2012, comprising 10 chapters that cover a wide spectrum of topics. Topics range from the formation, circulation, and variability of mode waters to their dynamic effect on surface current and climate impact, and point to new directions for mode-water research. How do mode waters vary on decadal and longer timescales, and how will they change in response to global warming? What causes mode-water variability, and how does it affect surface circulation and climate? What are the roles of mesoscale eddies in the formation and dissipation of mode waters and in their variability and change? This book serves as a signpost in our endeavor to answer these and other challenging questions.

• Climate Change
• Climate Variability
• Mode Water
• Ocean Circulation
• Oceanic Nutrients
• Subantarctic Mode Water
• Subtropical Countercurrent
• Subtropical Front
• Surface Current

• Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

  Atsushi Kubokawa

• International Pacific Research Center and Department of Meteorology, SOEST, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA

  Shang-Ping Xie

• Faculty of Marine Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

  Fumiaki Kobashi

• Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

  Humio Mitsudera

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