Dynamics and Characterization of Marine Organic Matter

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-ix

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2. Production of Organic Matter in Upper Ocean

   1. Production and Turnover of Organic Compounds through Phytoplankton Photosynthesis

      • Takeo Hama

      Pages 1-38

   2. Environmental Control of Nitrate Uptake in Surface Oceanic Waters: an Overview

      • Jota Kanda

      Pages 39-65

   3. Distribution and Non-Dominancy of Large Diatoms in Planktonic Algal Communities in the Central Pacific Ocean along 175°E

      • Masayuki Takahashi, Hideyuki Kanazawa, Hiroshi Kiyosawa, Joji Ishizaka

      Pages 67-89

3. Flux and Characterization of Particulate Organic Matter

   1. The Relation between Primary Production and the Flux of Particulate Organic Matter in the Sub-Arctic Coastal Sea

      • Mitsuru Yanada, Yoshiaki Maita

      Pages 91-104

   2. Fatty Acid Composition of Sinking Particles in the Western North Pacific

      • Kazuhide Hayakawa, Nobuhiko Handa

      Pages 105-115

   3. Fluxes of Major Biochemicals in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean

      • Stuart G. Wakeham, Cindy Lee, John I. Hedges

      Pages 117-140

   4. Source of Organic Matter in Sinking Particles in the Japan Trench: Molecular Composition and Carbon Isotopic Analyses

      • R. Ishiwatari, K. Yamada, K. Matsumoto, H. Naraoka, S. Yamamoto, N. Handa

      Pages 141-168

   5. 14C Budget of Sinking Particulate Organic Matter in the Japan Trench: A New Approach to Estimate the Contribution from Resuspended Particles in Deep Water Column

      • Takeshi Nakatsuka, Ayako Hosokawa, Nobuhiko Handa, Eiji Matsumoto, Toshiyuki Masuzawa

      Pages 169-186

   6. Productivity of Gephyrocapsacean Algae Revealed from Long-Chain Alkenones and Alkyl Alkenoates in the Northwestern Pacific off Japan

      • Ken Sawada, Hisatake Okada, Yoshihiro Shiraiwa, Nobuhiko Handa

      Pages 187-211

4. Decomposition and Transformation of Organic Matter

   1. Photochemical Degradation of Dissolved Organic Carbon to Carbon Monoxide in Coastal Seawater

      • Keiichi Ohta, Yayoi Inomata, Atsushi Sano, Koichi Sugimura

      Pages 213-229

   2. The Occurrence of Organic Peroxides in Seawater

      • Hiroshi Sakugawa, Akira Takami, Hiroshi Kawai, Kazuhiko Takeda, Kitao Fujiwara, Shizuko Hirata

      Pages 231-240

   3. “Picopellets” Produced by Phagotrophic Nanoflagellates: Role in the Material Cycling within Marine Environments

      • Toshi Nagata

      Pages 241-256

   4. Feeding of Carnivorous Zooplankton, Chaetognaths in the Pacific

      • Makoto Terazaki

      Pages 257-276

   5. Dynamics of Organic Marine Aggregates: Nanometer-Colloids to Marine Snow

      • Seiko Hara, Isao Koike

      Pages 277-298

5. Characterization and Reactivity of Bulk and Specific Organic Compounds

   1. Dissolved Organic Carbon in Sub-Arctic Northeast Pacific Ocean

      • C. S. Wong, Zhiming Yu, Wm. K. Johnson, R. J. Matear, F. A. Whitney

      Pages 299-309

   2. Bulk Chemical Aspects of Dissolved Organic Matter in Seawater Review: The Recent Findings and Unsolved Problems

      • Hiroshi Ogawa

      Pages 311-337

   3. Strong Organic Ligands in Seawater: Peculiar Functional Groups in Oceanic Organic Matter-Synthesis

      • Katsumi Hirose

      Pages 339-382

   4. Proteins in the Sea — Synthesis

      • Eiichiro Tanoue

      Pages 383-463

6. Air-Sea Interactions of Biogenic Gases and Organic Matter

   1. Total Carbon and Nitrogen Contents and Molecular Composition of Water Soluble Organic Matter in the Marine Aerosols from Western North to Tropical Central Pacific

      • Kimitaka Kawamura

      Pages 465-484

Over the past decade the scientific activities of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), which focuses on the role of the oceans in controlling climate change via the transport and storage of greenhouse gases and organic matter, have led to an increased interest in the study of the biogeochemistry of organic matter. There is also a growing interest in global climate fluctuations. This, and the need for a precise assessment of the dynamics of carbon and other bio-elements, has led to a demand for an improved understanding of biogeochemical processes and the chemical characteristics of both particulate and dissolved organic matter in the ocean.
A large amount of proxy data has been published describing the changes of the oceanic environment, but qualitative and quantitative estimates of the vertical flux of (proxy) organic compounds have not been well documented. There is thus an urgent need to pursue this line of study and, to this end, this book starts with several papers dealing with the primary production of organic matter in the upper ocean. Thereafter, the book goes on to follow the flux and characterization of particulate organic matter, discussed in relation to the primary production in the euphotic zone and resuspension in the deep waters, including the vertical flux of proxy organic compounds. It goes on to explain the decomposition and transformation of organic matter in the ocean environment due to photochemical and biological agents, and the reactivity of bulk and specific organic compounds, including the air-sea interaction of biogenic gases.
The 22 papers in the book reflect the interests of JGOFS and will thus serve as a valuable reference source for future biogeochemical investigations of both bio-elements and organic matter in seawater, clarifying the role of the ocean in global climate change.

• Aerosol
• Coast
• Greenhouse gas
• Ocean
• Oxide
• Pacific Ocean
• Snow
• algae
• environment
• geochemistry
• marine
• phytoplankton
• plankton

• Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Aichi Prefectural University, Aichi-gun, Japan

  Nobuhiko Handa

• Institute for Hydrospheric-Atmospheric Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

  Eiichiro Tanoue

• Institute of Biological Sciences, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Japan

  Takeo Hama

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