Overview
Part of the book series: NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security (NAPSC)
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Table of contents (9 papers)
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Front Matter
Keywords
- Dumped Chemical Munitions
- Chemical Weapons Dumpsites in the Baltic Sea
- Dumped Chemical Weapons
- Autonomous Underwater Vehicles
- Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicles
- Security Hazard in the Baltic Sea Region
- Pollution Originating From Corroded Munitions
- Locating and Monitoring Underwater Dumpsites
- water quality and water pollution
About this book
This book describes the creation of a monitoring network, which can provide information about the exact locations and the environmental threats posed by chemical weapons (CW) dumpsites in the Baltic Sea region, using autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROVs), and utilising the existing research vessels of NATO partner institutions as launching platforms.
The dumping operations occurred shortly after World War II and included captured German munitions. Operations with munitions from the Soviet occupation zone were performed by the Soviet Navy, operations with munitions from British and American occupation zones were performed in areas outside of the Baltic Sea (Skagerrak Strait); the fate of munitions from the French occupation zone was never reported. Due to difficult legal status of these munitions, and high costs of remediation and retrieval, removal of these weapons from the bottom of the Baltic Sea seems unlikely in theforeseeable future. These dumped chemical weapons pose an actual environmental and security hazard in the Baltic Sea Region. Nowadays, with more and more industrial activities being performed in the Baltic Sea Area, the threat level is rising.Â
The AUV survey is based on the IVER2 platform by OceanServer, equipped with Klein 3500 side-scan sonar. The identification phase utilises several ROVs, equipped with targeting sonars, acoustic cameras capable of penetrating turbid bottom waters up to 20m, and visual HD cameras. A novel sediment sampling system, based on a camera and sonar equipped cassette sampler, has been developed to obtain surface sediments. The test phase described consists of a survey phase, which will locate the actual objects concerned, and a monitoring phase, which will concentrate on the collection of environmental data close to the objects concerned.
Editors and Affiliations
Bibliographic Information
Book Title: Towards the Monitoring of Dumped Munitions Threat (MODUM)
Book Subtitle: A Study of Chemical Munitions Dumpsites in the Baltic Sea
Editors: Jacek Bełdowski, Robert Been, Eyup Kuntay Turmus
Series Title: NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1153-9
Publisher: Springer Dordrecht
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental Science, Earth and Environmental Science (R0)
Copyright Information: Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2018
Hardcover ISBN: 978-94-024-1152-2Published: 19 September 2017
Softcover ISBN: 978-94-024-1161-4Published: 19 September 2017
eBook ISBN: 978-94-024-1153-9Published: 18 September 2017
Series ISSN: 1874-6519
Series E-ISSN: 1874-6543
Edition Number: 1
Number of Pages: XVII, 240
Number of Illustrations: 101 illustrations in colour
Topics: Monitoring/Environmental Analysis, Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution, Environmental Management, Security Science and Technology, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Politics