Symbol Spotting in Digital Libraries

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XIV

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2. Introduction

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. Introduction

      • Marçal Rusiñol, Josep Lladós

      Pages 3-14

   3. State-of-the-Art in Symbol Spotting

      • Marçal Rusiñol, Josep Lladós

      Pages 15-47

3. On the Use of Photometric Descriptors for Symbol Spotting

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 49-49

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4. On the Use of Photometric Descriptors for Symbol Spotting

   1. Symbol Spotting for Document Categorization

      • Marçal Rusiñol, Josep Lladós

      Pages 51-65

5. On the Use of Geometric and Structural Constraints for Symbol Spotting

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 67-67

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   2. Vectorial Signatures for Symbol Recognition and Spotting

      • Marçal Rusiñol, Josep Lladós

      Pages 69-88

   3. Symbol Spotting Through Prototype-based Search

      • Marçal Rusiñol, Josep Lladós

      Pages 89-111

   4. A Relational Indexing Method for Symbol Spotting

      • Marçal Rusiñol, Josep Lladós

      Pages 113-129

6. A Performance Evaluation Protocol for Symbol Spotting Systems

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 131-131

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7. A Performance Evaluation Protocol for Symbol Spotting Systems

   1. Performance Evaluation of Symbol Spotting Systems

      • Marçal Rusiñol, Josep Lladós

      Pages 133-159

   2. Conclusions

      • Marçal Rusiñol, Josep Lladós

      Pages 161-166

8. Back Matter

   Pages 167-180

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Pattern recognition basically deals with the recognition of patterns, shapes, objects, things in images. Document image analysis was one of the very ?rst applications of pattern recognition and even of computing. But until the 1980s, research in this ?eld was mainly dealing with text-based documents, including OCR (Optical Character Recognition) and page layout analysis. Only a few people were looking at more speci?c documents such as music sheet, bank cheques or forms. The community of graphics recognition became visible in the late 1980s. Their speci?c interest was to recognize high-level objects represented by line drawings and graphics. The speci?c pattern recognition problems they had to deal with was raster-to-graphics conversion (i.e., recognizing graphical primitives in a cluttered pixel image), text-graphics separation, and symbol recognition. The speci?c problem of symbol recognition in graphical documents has received a lot of attention. The symbols to be recognized can be musical notation, electrical symbols, architectural objects, pictograms in maps, etc. At ?rst glance, the symbol recognition problems seems to be very similar to that of character recognition; - ter all, characters are basically a subset of symbols. Therefore, the large know-how in OCR has been extensively used in graphical symbol recognition: starting with segmenting the document to extract the symbols, extracting features from the s- bols, and then recognizing them through classi?cation or matching, with respect to a training/learning set.

• Focused Retrieval
• Graphical Pattern Indexation
• Graphics Recognition
• Performance Evaluation
• Symbol Description
• Symbol Spotting
• image analysis
• pattern recognition

From the reviews:

“This monograph is a clearly written and accessible survey and framework for the field, and it should prove useful to researchers and students in computer vision, pattern recognition, and related fields. It would also be instructive for advanced practitioners in these areas … . References are provided at the end of each chapter for researchers who need or want to refer to the primary literature. In short, this book is a concise, readable, and informative resource on its specialized problem domain and related areas.” (R. M. Malyankar, ACM Computing Reviews, October, 2010)

• , Depto. Ciències de la Computació, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain

  Marçal Rusiñol

• Depto. Ciències de la Computació, Centre de Visió per Computador, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain

  Josep Lladós

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