Functional Neuroimaging in Exercise and Sport Sciences

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xix

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2. Theoretical Background, Animal Models, and Basic Sciences

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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3. Theoretical Background, Animal Models, and Basic Sciences

   1. Exercise and the Brain: Neurogenesis, Synaptic Plasticity, Spine Density, and Angiogenesis

      • Zejun Wang, Henriette van Praag

      Pages 3-24

   2. Molecular Mechanisms for the Ability of Exercise Supporting Cognitive Abilities and Counteracting Neurological Disorders

      • Fernando Gómez-Pinilla, Cameron Feng

      Pages 25-43

   3. Opioids and Exercise: Animal Models

      • Rod K. Dishman, Philip V. Holmes

      Pages 45-58

   4. The Monoaminergic System in Animal Models of Exercise

      • Romain Meeusen, Vinciane Fontenelle

      Pages 59-76

4. Methods for Human Neuroimaging in Exercise and Sport Sciences: Theoretical Background and Practical Aspects

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 77-77

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5. Methods for Human Neuroimaging in Exercise and Sport Sciences: Theoretical Background and Practical Aspects

   1. Methods for Measurement of Physical Fitness and Training Recommendations in Studies on Humans

      • Wildor Hollmann, Helge Knigge, Axel Knicker, Heiko K. Strüder

      Pages 79-107

   2. Psychological Assessments in Physical Exercise

      • Marcel Daamen, Markus Raab

      Pages 109-153

   3. Assessing Somatosensory Profiles and Autonomic Nervous System Responses in Physical Exercise Studies

      • Michael Valet, Till Sprenger, Lukas Scheef, Henning Boecker

      Pages 155-168

   4. Humoral Factors in Humans Participating in Different Types of Exercise and Training

      • Sandra Rojas Vega, Wildor Hollmann, Heiko K. Strüder

      Pages 169-196

   5. EEG: Theoretical Background and Practical Aspects

      • Stefan Schneider, Heiko K. Strüder

      Pages 197-212

   6. NIRS: Theoretical Background and Practical Aspects

      • Matthias Kohl-Bareis

      Pages 213-235

   7. Theoretical Background of MR Imaging

      • Lukas Scheef, Frank Träber

      Pages 237-267

   8. Functional and Structural MRI: Theoretical Background and Practical Aspects

      • Lukas Scheef, Henning Boecker

      Pages 269-317

   9. PET: Theoretical Background and Practical Aspects

      • Isabelle Miederer, Henning Boecker

      Pages 319-331

6. Effects of Exercise on Brain Perfusion, Metabolism, and Structure

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 333-333

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7. Effects of Exercise on Brain Perfusion, Metabolism, and Structure

   1. NIRS for Measuring Cerebral Hemodynamic Responses During Exercise

      • Stéphane Perrey

      Pages 335-349

   2. PET Studies of Brain Metabolism in Exercise Research

      • Manabu Tashiro, Toshihiko Fujimoto, Mohammad Mehedi Masud, Sabina Khondkar, Shoichi Watanuki, Kazuhiko Yanai et al.

      Pages 351-373

   3. Physical Exercise and the Resting Brain

      • Christina E. Hugenschmidt, Paul J. Laurienti, Jonathan H. Burdette

      Pages 375-396

Regular physical exercise is associated with substantial health benefits. Recent evidence not only holds for cardiovascular effects promoting "physical health", but also for the central nervous system believed to promote "brain health”. Moderate physical exercise has been found to improve learning, memory, and attentional processing, with recent research indicating that neuroprotective mechanisms and associated plasticity in brain structure and function also benefit. Physical exercise is also known to induce a range of acute or sustained psychophysiological effects, among these mood elevation, stress reduction, anxiolysis, and hypoalgesia. Today, modern functional neuroimaging techniques afford direct measurement of the acute and chronic relation of physical exercise on the human brain, as well as the correlation of the derived physiological in vivo signals with behavioral outcomes recorded during and after exercise. A wide range of imaging techniques have been applied to human exercise research, ranging from electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to positron emission tomography (PET). All of these imaging methods provide distinct information, and they differ considerably in terms of spatial and temporal resolution, availability, cost, and associated risks. However, from a “multimodal imaging” perspective, neuroimaging provides an unprecedented potential to unravel the neurobiology of human exercise, covering a wide spectrum ranging from structural plasticity in gray and white matter, network dynamics, global and regional perfusion, evoked neuronal responses to the quantification of neurotransmitter release. The aim of this book is to provide the current state of the human neuroimaging literature in the emerging field of the neurobiological exercise sciences and to outline future applications and directions of research.

From the reviews:

“This book a significant contribution to the literature. … It is appropriate for scientists who have more than a rudimentary understanding of both the exercise and neurobiological sciences. … A PhD or MD who specializes in either exercise science or the neurosciences may find this book useful for research designs. … This is a unique book in the fields of exercise science and neuroscience, providing a means to delve into the neurobiology of human exercise.” (Erik H. VanIterson, Doody’s Review Service, September, 2012)

• FE Klinische Funktionelle Neurobildgebun, Experimentelle Radiologie, Radiologische Universitätsklinik Bonn, Bonn, Germany

  Henning Boecker

• , Department of Kinesiology and Community, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champai, Urbana, USA

  Charles H. Hillman

• FE Klinische Funktionelle Neurobildgebun, Experimentelle Radiologie, Radiologische Universitätsklinik, Bonn, Germany

  Lukas Scheef

• Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Institut für Bewegungs- und Neurowissens, Köln, Germany

  Heiko K. Strüder

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