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Neuroscience in Space

  • Book
  • © 2008

Overview

  • Designed for the general scientific reader, this book offers an overview of neuroscience research performed in space

  • Each project and the reason why it was done is described with illustrations, rationale and hypothesis, and a summary of results

  • Reference lists guide readers to the published papers from experiments

  • This book is a legacy of what we have learned on brain mechanisms and functions through research done in space, and a guide for what could be investigated in the future

  • Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras

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Table of contents (9 chapters)

Keywords

About this book

Why write this book? Of all the intricate components of the human body, the central nervous system is the most responsive to the environment, detecting and responding to changes immediately. Its complexity, however, also means that it is still one of nature’s best-kept secrets. Considering that the exploration of space is often thought of as the final frontier in the discovery of our origin and the preparation for our future, Neuroscience in Space is a book addressing the last, and greatest, scientific frontier. All living things on Earth have evolved in the presence of gravity and all of their biological systems have anatomical and physiological mechanisms designed to interpret and measure the force of gravity. However, in the near weightlessness of space, the sensory systems that provide basic information regarding linear acceleration no longer function as they did on Earth. As a result, most if not all, physiological systems dependent on the body’s central nervous system are in flux until a new microgravity state is realized. This includes adaptation of basic life sustaining functions such as blood pressure control and cardiac function, as well as other critical functions for everyday activities including balance, coordinated movement in three-dimensional space, and the regulation of sleep. Bones that supported body weight on the ground no longer have that load to bear. They begin to lose mass and strength, as do weight-bearing and postural muscles in the legs.

Reviews

From the reviews:

"Clément … present a comprehensive review of animal and human neuroscience research conducted either in space or with subjects who just returned from space. The information is presented with the detail that scientists require, clearly outlining the complicated issues involved in sending humans on brief and extended space journeys. … Summing Up: Recommended. Graduate students through professionals." (D. K. Fry, Choice, Vol. 46 (7), March, 2009)

"The complexities of changes to the central and peripheral nervous systems as a result of space travel are described in great detail in this 322-page book … . For those of you who are thinking that now may be a good time to move to Mars, there is a section (albeit short) on what to expect … you get there. … if you want a bit of diversion while still remaining in the neuroscience world, here is a book that many will find intriguing." (American Journal of Neuroradiology, Vol. 30, March, 2009)

Authors and Affiliations

  • Faculté de Médecine de Rangueil, Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition UMR 5549 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse Cedex 9, France

    Gilles Clément

  • Neuroscience Laboratories, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, USA

    Millard F. Reschke

About the authors

Since the first orbital flight of John Glenn, investigations have been conducted on the adaptation of nervous functions to space flight Millard Reschke and Gilles Clément have been active in this research, with experiments flown onboard Salyut, Mir, Spacelab, and 30+ flights of the Space Shuttle . This book presents in a readable text and detailed illustrations the findings from these experiments conducted during and after space missions. The authors also identify the neuroscience research that is foreseen onboard the International Space Station and what do we need to learn to understand fully the implications and risks in this area for a human mission to Mars.

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