Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems

This is volume 6 of Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems, a six-volume compendium of modern astronomical research, covering subjects of key interest to the main fields of contemporary astronomy. This volume on “Extragalactic Astronomy and Cosmology” edited by William C. Keel presents accessible review chapters on Galaxy Morphology, Elliptical and Disk Galaxy Structure and Modern Scaling Laws, Star Formation in Galaxies, The Cool ISM in Galaxies, The Influence of Environment on Galaxy Evolution, Clusters of Galaxies, Active Galactic Nuclei, Large Scale Structure of the Universe, Distance Scale of the Universe, Galaxies in the Cosmological Context, Evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei, The Intergalactic Medium, and Cosmic Microwave Background.

All chapters of the handbook were written by practicing professionals. They include sufficient background material and references to the current literature to allow readers to learn enough about a specialty within astronomy, astrophysics and cosmology to get started on their own practical research projects. In the spirit of the series Stars and Stellar Systems published by Chicago University Press in the 1960s and 1970s, each chapter of Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems can stand on its own as a fundamental review of its respective sub-discipline, and each volume can be used as a textbook or recommended reference work for advanced undergraduate or postgraduate courses. Advanced students and professional astronomers in their roles as both lecturers and researchers will welcome Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems as a comprehensive and pedagogical reference work on astronomy, astrophysics and cosmology.

Dr. Terry D. Oswalt, an astronomer, is Head of the Department of Physics and Space Sciences and Associate Provost for Research at Florida Institute of Technology. He has also served the U.S. National Science Foundation as program officer for Stellar Astronomy and Astrophysics. He earned his Ph.D. in Astronomy at The Ohio State University specializing in photoelectric and spectroscopic studies of binary star systems, late stages of stellar evolution, minor planets, and comets.

Since coming to Florida Tech in 1982, Dr. Oswalt has taught astronomy and physics, while continuing his primary research interest in studies of collapsed stars called white dwarfs. Because such objects are very faint, this work often takes him to Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona, Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile, and Mauna Kea Observatory in Hawaii, where telescopes as large as 10-meters are available on a competitive basis to scientists.

Oswalt is the founding Chairman of the Southeast Association for Research in Astronomy, a consortium of 10 universities which operates an automated 1-meter telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory near Tucson, Arizona. In 2007 SARA will assume operations of a similar telescope at Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory in Chile. Oswalt also has been director of the SARA summer internship program, which brings undergraduate students from around the U.S. to the SARA facility at Kitt Peak each summer to do research in astronomy. Dr. Oswalt has written over 100 scientific articles and edits the I.A.P.P.P. Communications, an international journal for advanced amateurs, students, teachers and professionals who collaborate on research and educational projects in astronomy. He is also the editor for a three-volume set of Springer books, "The Future of Small Telescopes in the New Millennium".

William C. Keel is Professor of Astronomy at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa. His astronomical interests began as ayoungster using a secondhand reflector in the back yard, and he remains active as an amateur as well as professional astronomer. His undergraduate work was at Vanderbilt University, followed by a Ph.D. from the University of California, Santa Cruz. Dr. Keel had postdoctoral positions at Kitt Peak National Observatory and at Leiden, before taking up a faculty position in Alabama.His research interests span the galaxies - active galactic nuclei, galaxy interactions and evolution, dust in galaxies. Observationally oriented, his work has used spectral bands from the radio to the X-ray regimes, with the strongest emphasis in the optical and ultraviolet.These results have been reported in 150 refereed papers. In recent years, much of his work has been tied to the enormously successful Galaxy Zoo citizen-science project. He continues to have scheduling responsibilities for the two telescopes of the SARA consortium, and has served on numerous NASA review panels including two Senior Reviews. Dr. Keel has been active in outreach beyond the formal classroom, through magazine articles, an online presence in several discussion forums, and webcomics explaining ongoing Hubble Space Telescope programs. He has written a technical monograph, The Road to Galaxy Formation, and the nontechnical volumeThe Sky at Einstein’s Feet tracing the impact of relativity throughout astronomy.