Import Tariffs as Environmental Policy Instruments

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xvii

   PDF

2. Introductory Remarks

   • Christiane Kraus

   Pages 1-15

3. Eco-Tariffs to Avoid Eco-dumping and Environmental Races towards the Bottom (ERTB)

   • Christiane Kraus

   Pages 17-29

4. An International Trade Model with Pollution and Eco-tariffs

   • Christiane Kraus

   Pages 31-46

5. Tariffs to Avoid Eco-dumping for Terms of Trade Reasons

   • Christiane Kraus

   Pages 47-76

6. Tariffs to Avoid Eco-dumping for Strategic Trade Policy Reasons

   • Christiane Kraus

   Pages 77-96

7. Tariffs to Counteract Eco-dumping Caused by Regulatory Capture

   • Christiane Kraus

   Pages 97-119

8. The Role of Tariffs in Protecting Global Environmental Commons

   • Christiane Kraus

   Pages 121-134

9. An International Trade Model with Spill-over Pollution

   • Christiane Kraus

   Pages 135-147

10. Tariffs as Second Best Instruments to Internalise Spill-over Externalities

    • Christiane Kraus

    Pages 149-164

11. Incentive Effects of Eco-tariffs

    • Christiane Kraus

    Pages 165-178

12. Policy Debate: Introductory Remarks

    • Christiane Kraus

    Pages 179-182

13. Eco-tariffs and Domestic Environmental Policy

    • Christiane Kraus

    Pages 183-201

14. Eco-tariffs and Global Environmental Policy

    • Christiane Kraus

    Pages 203-223

15. Concluding Remarks

    • Christiane Kraus

    Pages 225-227

16. Back Matter

    Pages 229-249

    PDF

The theoretical claims for eco-tariffs are rigorously analyzed within a unified framework formed of an international trade model enriched with both a domestic and a global externality. During the course of the analysis the model is modified to analyze an array of contexts for which eco-tariffs have been claimed to improve environmental quality or welfare. The circumstances and conditions are characterised under which such tariffs can be shown to improve environmental quality and social welfare, taking account of general equilibrium effects. The theoretical results are applied in a policy analysis of eco-tariffs and other trade instruments in the context of domestic and global environmental policy in order to assess the relevance of the eco-tariffs that have been subjected to the theoretical analysis. Finally, the GATT/WTO rules and regulations are presented, since to date these have banned the use of eco-tariffs. The rules and regulations are mapped against the theoretical results to show which rules ought to be changed.

• Import
• Policy
• WTO
• environment
• environmental policy
• equilibrium
• general equilibrium
• international trade
• trade policy
• welfare

• The World Bank, USA

  Christiane Kraus

• Hannover University, Hannover, Germany

  Christiane Kraus

Policies and ethics