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Natural Products of Woody Plants

Chemicals Extraneous to the Lignocellulosic Cell Wall

  • Book
  • © 1989

Overview

Editors:
  1. John W. Rowe

    1. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, USDA, Madison, USA

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Part of the book series: Springer Series in Wood Science (SSWOO)

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Table of contents (32 chapters)

  1. Front Matter

    Pages I-XLI
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  2. Introduction and Historical Background

    1. Historical Uses of Extractives and Exudates

      • W. E. Hillis
      Pages 1-13

    2. Natural Products Chemistry — Past and Future

      • K. Nakanishi
      Pages 13-25

  3. Fractionation and Proof of Structure of Natural Products

    1. Fractionation and Proof of Structure of Natural Products

      • J. Snyder, R. Breuning, F. Derguini, K. Nakanishi
      Pages 27-124

  4. Evolution of Natural Products

    1. Evolution of Natural Products

      • O. R. Gottlieb
      Pages 125-153

  5. Carbohydrates

    1. Carbohydrates

      • J. N. BeMiller
      Pages 155-178

  6. Nitrogenous Extractives

    1. Amino Acids, Proteins, Enzymes, and Nucleic Acids

      • D. J. Durzan
      Pages 179-200

    2. The Alkaloids

      • S. I. Sakai, N. Aimi, E. Yamanaka, K. Yamaguchi
      Pages 200-257

  7. Aliphatic and Alicyclic Extractives

    1. Simple Organic Acids

      • Y. Ohta
      Pages 259-274

    2. Complex Aliphatic and Alicyclic Extractives

      • Y. Ohta
      Pages 274-299

    3. Fats and Fatty Acids

      • D. F. Zinkel
      Pages 299-304

    4. Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Function of Suberin and Associated Waxes

      • P. E. Kolattukudy, K. E. Espelie
      Pages 304-367

  8. Benzenoid Extractives

    1. Monoaryl Natural Products

      • O. Theander, L. N. Lundgren
      Pages 369-399

    2. Gallic Acid Derivatives and Hydrolyzable Tannins

      • E. Haslam
      Pages 399-438

    3. Lignans

      • O. R. Gottlieb, M. Yoshida
      Pages 439-511

    4. Stilbenes, Conioids, and Other Polyaryl Natural Products

      • T. Norin
      Pages 512-533

    5. Flavonoids

      • J. B. Harborne
      Pages 533-570

    6. Biflavonoids and Proanthocyanidins

      • R. W. Hemingway
      Pages 571-651

    7. Condensed Tannins

      • L. J. Porter
      Pages 651-690

  9. Isoprenoids

    1. Terpenoids

      • Sukh Dev
      Pages 691-807
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Keywords

About this book

Wood as found in trees and bushes was of primary importance to ancient humans in their struggle to control their environment. Subsequent evolution through the Bronze and Iron Ages up to our present technologically advanced society has hardly diminished the importance of wood. Today, its role as a source of paper products, furniture, building materials, and fuel is still of major significance. Wood consists of a mixture of polymers, often referred to as lignocellulose. The cellulose micro fibrils consist of an immensely strong, linear polymer of glucose. They are associated with smaller, more complex polymers composed of various sugars called hemicelluloses. These polysaccharides are embedded in an amorphous phenylpropane polymer, lignin, creating a remarkably strong com­ posite structure, the lignocellulosic cell wall. Wood also contains materials that are largely extraneous to this lignocellulosic cell wall. These extracellular substances can range from less than 1070 to about 35% of the dry weight of the wood, but the usual range is 2% -10%. Among these components are the mineral constituents, salts of calcium, potassium, sodium, and other metals, particularly those present in the soil where the tree is growing. Some of the extraneous components of wood are too insoluble to be ex­ tracted by inert solvents and remain to give extractive-free wood its color; very often these are high-molecular-weight polyphenolics.

Editors and Affiliations

  • Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, USDA, Madison, USA

    John W. Rowe

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