Toxicology of Inhaled Materials

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XVII

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2. Exposure Techniques

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. The Design and Operation of Systems for Inhalation Exposure of Animals

      • R. T. Drew

      Pages 3-22

   3. Gases and Vapors: Generation and Analysis

      • M. Lippmann

      Pages 23-56

   4. Determination of Retained Lung Dose

      • P. A. Valberg

      Pages 57-91

3. General Assessment of Toxic Effects

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 93-93

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   2. Animal Models

      • P. J. Hakkinen, H. P. Witschi

      Pages 95-114

   3. Epidemiologic Studies in Human Populations

      • Margaret R. Becklake

      Pages 115-147

   4. The Isolated Perfused Lung

      • A. B. Fisher

      Pages 149-179

   5. Pulmonary Cell and Tissue Cultures

      • B. T. Smith

      Pages 181-201

   6. Bronchoalveolar Lavage

      • J. D. Brain, Barbara D. Beck

      Pages 203-226

4. Morphologic Techniques

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 227-227

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   2. Morphological Methods for Gross and Microscopic Pathology

      • D. L. Dungworth, W. S. Tyler, C. E. Plopper

      Pages 229-258

   3. Morphometry of the Alveolar Region of the Lung

      • K. E. Pinkerton, J. D. Crapo

      Pages 259-285

5. Biological and Biochemical Analysis

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 287-287

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   2. Cellular Kinetics of the Lung

      • I. Y. R. Adamson

      Pages 289-317

   3. Mucociliary Clearance and Mucus Secretion in the Lung

      • Jennifer M. Sturgess

      Pages 319-367

   4. General Enzymology of the Lung

      • M. G. Mustafa

      Pages 369-419

   5. The Pulmonary Mixed-Function Oxidase System

      • T. E. Gram

      Pages 421-470

   6. The Surfactant System of the Lung

      • S. A. Rooney

      Pages 471-502

This book deals with the methods and scientific basis of inhalation toxicology. It describes devices and facilities needed to expose animals to inhaled particles and gases as well as approaches to estimating or measuring the fraction of the inhaled material that is retained in the respiratory tract. The book then reviews the evergrowing repertoire of techniques that can be used to measure the responses elicited by the exposure. Quantitative and qualitative anatomical, physiological, and biochemical strategies are discussed in detail. We believe that the toxicology of inhaled materials is an important and timely topic for several'reasons. During the past decade, morbidity and mortality attributable to cardiovascular disease have significantly decreased. Progress in combatting cancer, the second most important cause of death, has been slower, and lung cancer actually became the leading cause of death in men and the second leading cause of cancer death in women. In addition, the incidence of non-neo­ plastic respiratory diseases such as emphysema, fibrosis, and chronic bronchitis has increased the past decade. In the United States, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has recently reported that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease affects nearly 10 miliion persons and accounts for 59,000 deaths yearly; indeed, it ranks as the fifth leading cause of death. Because the incidence is increasing, the NIH estimates that it may become the nation's fourth or even third leading cause of death by the year 2000.

• Bronchitis
• Materials
• animals
• cancer
• cardiovascular disease
• kinetics
• particles
• toxicology

• Toxicology, Biology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA

  Hanspeter Witschi

• Department of Environmental Science and Physiology, Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, USA

  Joseph D. Brain

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