Overview
- Editors:
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Gerhard Fischer
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Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Gerold Wefer
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Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Compilation of most important palaeoceanographic data Combination of palaeoceanographic and palaeoclimatological results
- Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras
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Table of contents (29 chapters)
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Introduction
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- G. Wefer, W. H. Berger, J. Bijma, G. Fischer
Pages 1-68
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Surface Water Circulation
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Temperature
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- S. Kemle-von Mücke, H. Oberhänsli
Pages 91-115
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- K.-H. Baumann, M. Čepek, H. Kinkel
Pages 117-144
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- K. A. F. Zonneveld, C. Höll, D. Janofske, B. Karwath, B. Kerntopf, C. Rühlemann et al.
Pages 145-164
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- H.-S. Niebler, H.-W. Hubberten, R. Gersonde
Pages 165-189
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- G. Fischer, M. Kalberer, B. Donner, G. Wefer
Pages 191-206
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Salinity
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- T. Wolff, B. Grieger, W. Hale, A. Dürkoop, S. Mulitza, J. Pätzold et al.
Pages 207-228
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Bottom- and Deep Water Circulation
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- N. Dittert, K.-H. Baumann, T. Bickert, R. Henrich, R. Huber, H. Kinkel et al.
Pages 255-284
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- B. Diekmann, G. Kuhn, A. Mackensen, R. Petschick, D. K. Fütterer, R. Gersonde et al.
Pages 285-313
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Paleoproductivity and Nutrients
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- C. Rühlemann, P. J. Müller, R. R. Schneider
Pages 315-344
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- F. X. Gingele, M. Zabel, S. Kasten, W. J. Bonn, C. C. Nürnberg
Pages 345-364
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- O. E. Romero, C. B. Lange, G. Fischer, U. F. Treppke, G. Wefer
Pages 365-392
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- H.-J. Walter, M. M. Rutgers van der Loeff, R. François
Pages 393-408
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- M. Frank, R. Gersonde, A. Mangini
Pages 409-426
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- S. Mulitza, H. Arz, S. Kemle-von Mücke, C. Moos, H.-S. Niebler, J. Pätzold et al.
Pages 427-445
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- M. E. Holmes, C. Eichner, U. Struck, G. Wefer
Pages 447-468
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CO2 in Oceans and Atmosphere
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- N. Andersen, P. J. Müller, G. Kirst, R. R. Schneider
Pages 469-488
About this book
Paleoceanographic proxies provide infonnation for reconstructions of the past, including climate changes, global and regional oceanography, and the cycles of biochemical components in the ocean. These prox ies are measurable descriptors for desired but unobservable environmental variables such as tempera ture, salinity, primary productivity, nutrient content, or surface-water carbon dioxide concentrations. The proxies are employed in a manner analogous to oceanographic methods. The water masses are first characterized according to their specific physical and chemical properties, and then related to particular assemblages of certain organisms or to particular element or isotope distributions. We have a long-standing series of proven proxies available. Marine microfossil assemblages, for instance, are employed to reconstruct surface-water temperatures. The calcareous shells of planktonic and benthic microorgan isms contain a wealth of paleoceanographic information in their isotopic and elemental compositions. Stable oxygen isotope measurements are used to detennine ice volume, and MglCa ratios are related to water temperatures, to cite a few examples. Organic material may also provide valuable infonnation, e. g. , about past productivity conditions. Studying the stable carbon isotope composition of bulk organic matter or individual marine organic components may provide a measure of past surface-water CO 2 conditions within the bounds of certain assumptions. Within the scope of paleoceanographic investigations, the existing proxies are continuously evolving and improving, while new proxies are being studied and developed. The methodology is improved by analysis of samples from the water column and surface sediments, and through laboratory experiments.