Geometrical Geodesy

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xxiii

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2. Time and Reference Systems

   Pages 1-25

3. Dealing with Geoscience Branches

   Pages 27-35

4. The Figure of Earth

   Pages 37-57

5. 3D-Positioning and Mapping

   Pages 59-86

6. Plane and Spherical Earth Systems

   Pages 87-111

7. Classical Datums and Reference Systems

   Pages 113-132

8. Spatial Coordinate Calculations

   Pages 133-152

9. Geodetic Arc Calculations

   Pages 153-171

10. Conversions and Zone Systems

    Pages 173-182

11. Conformal Projections - Using Reference Ellipsoids

    Pages 183-243

12. Astrolabe Observations

    Pages 245-248

13. About History - A Bird’s-Eye View

    Pages 249-264

14. Tools and Topics

    Pages 265-273

15. Computing Techniques

    Pages 275-287

16. Information and Computer Technology

    Pages 289-295

17. ICT Applied to Sea Surveying

    Pages 297-319

18. Using Computers

    Pages 321-326

19. FORTRAN Application Programs

    Pages 327-382

20. International Organisations

    Pages 383-392

Surveying a Century Ago As it was based on the principles of geometry and trigonometry, surveying may be may be looked upon as a branch of practical mathematics. Hence, it was necessary that land surveyors and hydrographers should have a fair general knowledge, not only of these subjects, but also of all the subjects comprised by the term mathemat­ ics. In addition, the knowledge of mathematics required in ordinary chain surveying and levelling was not very extensive but in geodetical work, the highest mathematical ability and great organising power were required for a proper conception and supervision of the operations (Threlfall, 1940). Only small area of a few hundred square kilometres can be accurately mapped and surveyed without a frame­ work, since no difficulty is encountered because of Earth-curvature. In the past, especially in hydrography due to the type of work, surveying was carried out on the principles of ordinary practice, but in a very rough man­ ner, rapidity of execution being of paramount importance, the permissible error was sometimes large. The relative positions of the main surface features were obtained by aid of portable instruments, such as sextants and lead lines, tide poles, and logships. Sketching, just like military surveying was often filling in the smaller detail. In contrary, survey works done by the national mapping agencies (NMAs) were of a higher-level, and comprised the delimitation of boundaries as well as topographical surveys.

• Conformal projections
• Fundament
• Geoids
• Parallel computers
• Similarity transformations
• Zone systems
• geodesy
• similarity
• structural geology

From the reviews:

"Geometrical Geodesy: Using Information and Computer Technology states that it is a reference manual for geodesists and scientists in the field of Earth sciences. … Graduate students may find it useful for course-work and research. … The 19 chapters cover what would be expected in a geodesy book … ." (Peter Dare, Geomatica, Vol. 62 (2), 2008)

• Genderen, The Netherlands

  Maarten Hooijberg

Maarten Hooijberg studied Geodetic Engineering at the College of Advanced Technology, Utrecht, The Netherlands, and received his BSc degree in 1959. Since 1959 he has worked as a civil engineer, hydrographer and land surveyor in many countries throughout the world: Switzerland, United Kingdom, the rainforests of South-East Asia and South America, the swamps of West Africa, and the sands of the Arabian Peninsula. In 1970 Hooijberg joined the Royal Dutch Shell Group. From 1974 until 1986, he was the independent head of topographical services at Billiton International Metals in the Northern Hemisphere, and of Shell International Metals in the Southern Hemisphere. In 1986 he was appointed secretary of the office directorate of Shell International Petroleum Maatschappij in The Hague. In 1992 he retired from Royal Dutch Shell. Hooijberg has written many papers in the fields of hydrography and topography. This handbook has evolved through the author's 25 years of experience in advising and writing on geodetic methods.

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