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Electromagnetic Aquametry

Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances

  • Book
  • © 2005

Overview

Editors:
  1. Klaus Kupfer

    1. Materialforschungs- und -prüfanstalt an der Bauhaus, Universität Weimar, Weimar, Germany

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  • Reports the state of the art in electromagnetic measuring and sensing water and moisture

  • With contributions from the world's leading experts

  • Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras

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Table of contents (21 chapters)

  1. Front Matter

    Pages I-XXIV
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  2. Recent Developments in Electromagnetic Aquametry

    • Andrzej W. Kraszewski
    Pages 1-12

  4. Measurement Methods and Sensors in Frequency Domain

    1. Methods of Density-Independent Moisture Measurement

      • Klaus Kupfer
      Pages 135-168

    2. Microwave and RF Resonator-Based Aquametry

      • Alexander S. Sovlukov
      Pages 169-191

    3. Density and Moisture Measurements Using Microwave Resonators

      • Thorsten Hauschild
      Pages 193-215

    4. Microwave Semisectorial and Other Resonator Sensors for Measuring Materials under Flow

      • Ebbe Nyfors
      Pages 217-241

    5. Microstrip Transmission- and Reflection-Type Sensors Used in Microwave Aquametry

      • Ferenc Völgyi
      Pages 243-256

    6. A Blind Deconvolution Approach for Free-Space Moisture Profile Retrieval at Microwave Frequencies

      • David Glay, Tuami Lasri
      Pages 257-276

    7. Sensors for Soil, Substrates, and Concrete Based on the MCM100 Microchip

      • Jos Balendonck, Max A. Hilhorst, William R. Whalley
      Pages 277-315

  5. Measurement Methods and Sensors in Time Domain

    1. Advanced Measurement Methods in Time Domain Reflectometry for Soil Moisture Determination

      • Christof Huebner, Stefan Schlaeger, Rolf Becker, Alexander Scheuermann, Alexander Brandelik, Wolfram Schaedel et al.
      Pages 317-347

    2. Simulations and Experiments for Detection of Moisture Profiles with TDR in a Saline Environment

      • Klaus Kupfer, Eberhard Trinks
      Pages 349-365

    3. Combined TDR and Low-Frequency Permittivity Measurements for Continuous Snow Wetness and Snow Density Determination

      • Markus Stacheder, Christof Huebner, Stefan Schlaeger, Alexander Brandelik
      Pages 367-382

    4. Principles of Ultra-Wideband Sensor Electronics

      • Jürgen Sachs
      Pages 383-417

  6. Methods and Sensors for Quality Assesment to Products of Agriculture, Food, and Forestry

    1. Permittivity Measurements and Agricultural Applications

      • Stuart O. Nelson, Samir Trabelsi
      Pages 419-442

    2. Determination of the Composition of Foodstuffs Using Microwave Dielectric Spectra

      • Frank Daschner, Reinhard Knöchel
      Pages 443-464
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Keywords

About this book

Mformation about a material can be gathered from its interaction with electromagnetic waves. The information may be stored in the amplitude, the phase, the polarisation, the angular distribution of energy transportation or the spectral characteristics. When re­ trieved from the wave, certain material properties may thus be determined indirectly. Compared on the one hand to direct material analysis, an indirect method requires calibration and is prone to interference from undesired sources. On the other hand, however, it permits the determination of features inaccessible by direct methods, such as non-destructive material interrogation, high measurement speed, or deep penetration depth. However, being a physical method, the use of electromagnetic waves is still handicapped by the lack of acceptance by many chemists, who are used to applying direct approaches. Historically, the first application of electromagnetic wave interaction with mat­ ter involved measurement of amplitude changes at a single frequency caused by material properties, and it is still used today by some systems. This approach was soon supplemented by single frequency phase measurements, in order to avoid distortions through amplitude instabilities or parasitic reflections. Such single pa­ rameter measurements of course require dependence only on one variable in the measured process and sufficient stability of all other ancillary conditions. If that is not the case, the single parameter measurement fails.

Editors and Affiliations

  • Materialforschungs- und -prüfanstalt an der Bauhaus, Universität Weimar, Weimar, Germany

    Klaus Kupfer

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