Mitochondrial DNA, Mitochondria, Disease and Stem Cells

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-x

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2. Clinical Approach to the Diagnosis of Mitochondrial Disease

   • Dominic Thyagarajan

   Pages 1-23

3. Mitochondrial DNA Mutations and Their Effects on Complex I Biogenesis: Implications for Metabolic Disease

   • Matthew McKenzie

   Pages 25-47

4. Embryonic Stem Cells: A Signalling Perspective

   • Marios P. Stavridis

   Pages 49-68

5. From Oocytes and Pluripotent Stem Cells to Fully Differentiated Fates: (Also) a Mitochondrial Odyssey

   • João Ramalho-Santos, Ana Sofia Rodrigues

   Pages 69-86

6. From Pluripotency to Differentiation: The Role of mtDNA in Stem Cell Models of Mitochondrial Diseases

   • João Facucho-Oliveira, Tejal Kulkarni, Gisela Machado-Oliveira, Justin C. St. John

   Pages 87-118

7. The Role of Mitochondrial DNA in Tumorigenesis

   • Ka Yu Yeung, Adam Dickinson, Justin C. St. John

   Pages 119-155

8. Assisted Reproductive Technologies: The Potential to Prevent the Transmission of Mutant mtDNA from One Generation to the Next

   • Richard D. W. Kelly, Arsalan Mahmud, Justin C. St. John

   Pages 157-183

9. Back Matter

   Pages 185-189

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This volume investigates how the mitochondrial genome is transmitted, segregated, and inherited. It starts by describing mtDNA mutations and deletions and how these impact on the offspring’s well-being. It progresses to discuss how mutations to the mtDNA-nuclear-encoded transcription, replication and translational factors lead to mtDNA-depletion syndromes and how these affect cellular function and lead to the pathology of human mitochondrial disease. It also highlights the importance of the mitochondrial assembly factors and how mutations to these can lead to mitochondrial disease. The reader is then introduced to how mtDNA is transmitted through the oocyte and how stem cells can be used to study mitochondrial biogenesis and mtDNA replication and transcription in undifferentiated pluripotent and differentiating cells and how mitochondria adapt during this process. It then discusses how diseases like cancer are initiated and regulated by mutations to mitochondrial DNA and dysfunctional mitochondria. Finally, it draws on assisted reproductive technologies to discuss how some of these approaches might be adapted to prevent the transmission of mutant and deleted mtDNA from one generation to the next.

• DNA
• Stem Cells
• mitochondrial genome
• mtDNA mutations
• mtDNA-nuclear-encoded transcription

• , Center for Reproduction and Development, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia

  Justin C. St. John

Professor Justin St. John was awarded his PhD in 1999. In 2000, he was awarded a Mellon Fellowship at the Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon, USA. His achievements as an early career scientist led to his rapid promotion to the position of Professor at the University of Warwick (2007). Whilst in the UK, he was funded by the Medical Research Council and received an Endeavour Fellowship to undertake a period of research at Monash Institute of Medical Research where he has been Director of the Centre for Reproduction and Development and a Professor in the Faculty of Nursing, Medicine and Health Sciences at Monash University since November 2009. His research focuses on developing and using specific model systems to understand how mitochondrial DNA is transmitted and replicated. He was the first to demonstrate that sperm mitochondrial DNA could persist in the late stage embryo and thus be transmitted; describe mitochondrial DNA replication events in undifferentiated and differentiating embryonic stem cells; and demonstrate why donor cell mitochondrial DNA is transmitted to embryos and offspring following somatic cell nuclear transfer. He is using these outcomes to develop mini-pig models of mitochondrial DNA disease and reproductive strategies to prevent the transmission of mutant mitochondrial DNA from one generation to the next. He has published in The Lancet, Nature Chemical Biology, Nature Cell Biology, Stem Cells, Journal of Cell Science, and Genetics.

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