Antimicrobial Resistance

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xi

   PDF

2. Antimicrobial Resistance: A Global Perspective

   • Stuart B. Levy

   Pages 1-13

3. Resistance to Antibacterial Agents

   • Christine C. Sanders, W. Eugene Sanders Jr.

   Pages 15-23

4. Bacterial Resistance to Carbapenems

   • David M. Livermore

   Pages 25-47

5. Bacterial Resistance to Fluoroquinolones: Mechanisms and Patterns

   • David C. Hooper

   Pages 49-57

6. A Comparison of Active Site Binding of 4-Quinolones and Novel Flavone Gyrase Inhibitors to DNA Gyrase

   • J. J. Hilliard, H. M. Krause, J. I. Bernstein, J. A. Fernandez, V. Nguyen, K. A. Ohemeng et al.

   Pages 59-69

7. A Low-Copy Number Plasmid Mediating β-Lactamase Production by Xanthomonas Maltophilia

   • Michael D. Kelly, Joel E. Mortensen

   Pages 71-80

8. Glycopeptide Resistance in Gram-Positive Pathogens

   • Henry S. Fraimow, David M. Shlaes

   Pages 81-95

9. Vancomycin-Dependent Enterococci: A Clinical and Laboratory Assessment

   • Henry S. Fraimow, Donald L. Jungkind

   Pages 97-107

10. Streptococcus Pyogenes: Resistant, Tolerant, Neither or Both?

    • Joel E. Mortensen, Thomas McDowell

    Pages 109-117

11. The Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Streptococcus Pyogenes Isolates from the Philadelphia Area

    • Anthony L. Ferraro, Joel E. Mortensen, Deborah L. Blecker, Chanhpheng Phengvath

    Pages 119-121

12. Antibiotic-Resistance in Streptococcus Pneumoniae

    • Karen Krisher

    Pages 123-140

13. Emerging Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance: A Laboratory Perspective

    • Daniel F. Sahm

    Pages 141-154

14. Molecular Epidemiologic Analysis of Antibiotic Resistant Microorganisms

    • Joseph F. John Jr.

    Pages 155-168

15. Patterns of Resistance in Organisms Causing Gynecologic Infections

    • Haitham Tumah, John Woodwell, Ashwin Chatwani, Allan Truant, Thomas Fekete

    Pages 169-175

16. Practical Management of Patients Infected with Resistant Organisms: An Infection Control Perspective

    • John M. Boyce

    Pages 177-186

17. Resistance to Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Therapeutic Agents

    • Emilio A. Emini

    Pages 187-195

18. Molecular Approaches to the Spreading Problem of Drug Resistant Malaria

    • Christopher V. Plowe, Thomas E. Wellems

    Pages 197-209

19. An Improved Method for in Vitro Susceptibility Testing of Trichomonas Vaginalis

    • Bruno J. Bromke, Merewyn C. Furiga, Russell C. Hendershot, Michelle McGinn

    Pages 211-216

20. Antifungal Drugs and Resistance

    • John R. Graybill

    Pages 217-234

Development and Implications of Antimicrobial Resistance One of the most ominous trends in the field of antimicrobial chemotherapy over the past decade has been the increasing pace of development of antimicrobial resistance among microbial pathogens. The hypothesis that man can discover a magic bullet to always cure a particular infection has proved false. Physicians are now seeing and treating patients for which there are few therapeutic alternatives, and in some cases, none at all. Until recently there was little concern that physicians might be losing the war in our ability to compete with the evolving resistance patterns of microbial pathogens. Now the general public is very aware of the threat to them if they become infected, thanks to cover story articles in major magazines such as Time, Newsweek, newspapers, and other news sources. Antimicrobial resistance is not a novel problem. Shortly after the widespread introduction of penicillin in the early 1940s, the first strains of penicillin-resistant staphylococci were described. Today it is an uncommon event for a clinical laboratory to isolate an S. aureus that is sensitive to penicillin. Other gram-positive strains of bacteria have become resistant, including the exquisitely sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae. Sensitivity to vancomycin was once so uniform that it was used in routine clinical laboratories as a surrogate marker for whether an organism should be classified as a gram-positive. That criterion can no longer be relied upon because of emerging resistance among some species. Gram-negative bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites all have succeeded in developing resistance.

• antibiotics
• assessment
• bacteria
• development
• fungi
• health
• health care
• immunodeficiency
• infection
• infections
• malaria
• parasite
• research
• resistance
• virus

• Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, USA

  Donald L. Jungkind

• St. Christopher’s Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, USA

  Joel E. Mortensen

• The Graduate Hospital, Philadelphia, USA

  Henry S. Fraimow

• Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, USA

  Gary B. Calandra

Policies and ethics