Consensus Under Fuzziness

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-viii

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2. Introductions

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. Consensus, Negotiation and Mediation

      • Keith Lehrer

      Pages 3-15

   3. Fuzziness and the Normative Theory of Social Choice

      • Prasanta K. Pattanaik

      Pages 17-27

   4. Types and Measures of Uncertainty

      • George J. Klir, David Harmanec

      Pages 29-51

3. Tools and Techniques for Measuring and Monitoring Consensus Rearching

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 53-53

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   2. “Soft” Degrees of Consensus Under Fuzzy Preferences and Fuzzy Majorities

      • Janusz Kacprzyk, Mario Fedrizzi, Hannu Nurmi

      Pages 55-81

   3. An Approach to the Consensus Reaching Support in Fuzzy Environment

      • Sławomir Zadrożny

      Pages 83-109

   4. The Dichotomous Approach to Soft Consensus Measurement

      • Salvatore Greco

      Pages 111-119

   5. Consensus Based on Fuzzy Coincidence for Group Decision Making in Linguistic Setting

      • F. Herrera, E. Herrera-Viedma, J. L. Verdegay

      Pages 121-146

   6. Modeling Preference Relations and Consensus in a Linguistic Environment: An Approach Based on OWA Operators

      • Gloria Bordogna, Mario Fedrizzi, Gabriella Pasi

      Pages 147-161

4. New Paradigms and Architectures for Modeling Consensus Rearching

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 163-163

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   2. Protocol for Negotiations among Multiple Intelligent Agents

      • Ronald R. Yager

      Pages 165-174

   3. The Development of Fuzzy Consensus via Neural Modelling

      • Witold Pedrycz

      Pages 175-187

5. Auxiliary Formal Tools and Techniques for Modeling Consensus Reaching

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 189-189

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   2. Consensus for Decomposable Measures

      • János Fodor, Didier Dubois, Henri Prade, Marc Roubens

      Pages 191-210

   3. Construction of Fuzzy Utility Functions in Group Decision Making

      • Fumiko Seo

      Pages 211-230

   4. Problem Solving with Multiple Interdependent Criteria

      • Christer Carlsson, Robert Fullér

      Pages 231-246

   5. Lexicographical Solutions in N-Person Cooperative Games with Multiple Scenarios

      • Masatoshi Sakawa, Ichiro Nishizaki

      Pages 247-263

6. Applications and Case Studies

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 265-265

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We live, unfortunately, in turbulent and difficult times plagued by various political, economic, and social problems, as well as by natural disasters worldwide. Systems become more and more complicated, and this concerns all levels, exemplified first by global political alliances, groups of countries, regions, etc., and secondly, by multinational (global) corporations and companies of all sizes. These same concerns affect all social groups. This all makes decision processes very complicated. In virtually all decision processes in these complicated systems, there are various actors (decision makers) who represent individual subjects (persons, countries, companies, etc.) and their respective interest groups. To reach a meaningful (good) decision, opinions of all such actors must be taken into account or a given decision may be rejected and not implemented. Ideally, a decision would be made after a consensus between the parties involved had been attained. So, consensus is a very desirable situation. In most real-world cases there is considerable uncertainty concerning all aspects of the decision making process. Moreover, opinions, goals, constraints, etc. are usually imprecisely known. This makes the decision making process difficult as one cannot employ conventional "hard" tools.

• Problem solving
• fuzziness
• linear optimization
• modeling
• uncertainty

• Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

  Janusz Kacprzyk

• University of Turku, Turku, Finland

  Hannu Nurmi

• University of Trento, Trento, Italy

  Mario Fedrizzi

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