Biotechnology of Ectomycorrhizae

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-viii

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2. Ectomycorrhizas in the Ecosystem

   • D. J. Read

   Pages 1-23

3. Taxonomy of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi

   • James M. Trappe, Ari Jumpponen

   Pages 25-33

4. Molecular Approach to the Identification of Mycorrhizal Fungi

   • L. Simon

   Pages 35-40

5. Coincidence Between Molecularly or Morphologically Classified Ectomycorrhizal Morphotypes and Fruitbodies in a Spruce Forest

   • B. Mehmann, S. Egli, G. H. Braus, I. Brunner

   Pages 41-52

6. Ectomycorrhiza Morphogenesis

   • F. Martin, T. Burgess, M. E. Carnero Diaz, D. de Carvalho, P. Laurent, P. Murphy et al.

   Pages 53-66

7. Molecules and Genes Involved in Mycorrhiza Functioning

   • Silvio Gianinazzi, Vivienne Gianinazzi-Pearson, Philipp Franken, Eliane Dumas-Gaudot, Diederik van Tuinen, Assem Samra et al.

   Pages 67-76

8. Cloning Functional Endomycorrhiza Genes

   • P. J. Murphy, A. Karakousis, S. E. Smith, P. Langridge

   Pages 77-83

9. The Sexual Cycle in Neurospora

   • Robert L. Metzenberg

   Pages 85-98

10. Genetics of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Their Transformation

    • R. Marmeisse, G. Gay, J. C. Debaud

    Pages 99-114

11. Inactivation of Gene Expression Triggered by Sequence Duplication

    • C. Cogoni, N. Romano, G. Macino

    Pages 115-123

12. Gene Expression in Roots During Ectomycorrhiza Development

    • U. Nehls, F. Martin

    Pages 125-137

13. Truffles

    • Luisa Lanfranco, Marco Arlorio, Antonella Matteucci, Paola Bonfante

    Pages 139-149

14. Molecular Identification of Tuber Species and Isolates by PCR-Based Techniques

    • D. Gandeboeuf, B. Henrion, C. Dupré, P. Drevet, P. Nicolas, G. Chevalier et al.

    Pages 151-160

15. Molecular Characterization of Some Truffle Species

    • Barbara Lazzari, Elisabetta Gianazza, Angelo Viotti

    Pages 161-169

16. The Polymorphism of the rDNA Region in Typing Ascocarps and Ectomycorrhizae of Truffle Species

    • F. Paolocci, E. Cristofari, P. Angelini, B. Granetti, S. Arcioni

    Pages 171-184

17. Biochemical Characterization of Various Species of White Truffle

    • P. Cardoni, L. Vallorani, L. Cucchiarini, M. Betti, C. Pierotti, V. Stocchi

    Pages 185-195

18. Isolation and Analysis of Genomic Sequences from Mycorrhizal Fungi

    • M. G. De Santo, S. Filosa, A. Franzè, G. Martini

    Pages 197-204

19. Testing A Selected Region of Tuber Mitochondrial Small Subunit rDNA as a Molecular Marker for Evolutionary and Bio-Diversity Studies

    • J. Tagliavini, A. Bolchi, R. Percudani, S. Petrucco, G. L. Rossi, S. Ottonello

    Pages 205-211

20. Truffle Development and Interactions with the Biotic Environment

    • Giovanni Pacioni, Anna Maria Ragnelli, Michele Miranda

    Pages 213-227

Forty years after the discovery of the helix nature of DNA and more than twenty after the first applications of recombinant DNA technology to the pharmaceutical industry, the Pandora's vase of biotechnology seems far from being empty. New products for agriculture and the food industry are constantly being placed on the market, and powerful monitoring techniques have been developed to track non-modified and genetically modified vaccines, viruses, microbes and plants released into the environment. Molecular approaches for taxonomic purposes, which might also be useful for quality control and assurance, have been successfully developed and used for taxonomic purposes in the last decade for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including yeasts and filamentous fungi. Mycorrhizae are one example of a traditional biotechnology that can greatly benefit from the latest molecular approaches. These universal symbioses between soil fungi and plant roots playa central role in most of the naturaland agricultural ecosystems in such key processes as nutrient cycling, soil structural conservation and plant health. For these reasons, mycorrhizae have been successfully used to improve the quality of forest and agricultural seedlings, to produce high-quality micropropagated plants and to increase the production of edible mushrooms of high economic value, such as truffles. However, although controlled inoculation of oak and hazel seedlings with ectomycorrhizal truffles has been carried out for decades in France and Italy, and is still expanding commercially, several technological gaps remain to be filled.

• Expression
• Polymerasekettenreaktion
• biotechnology
• cloning
• ecosystem
• gene expression
• plant roots
• roots

• University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy

  Vilberto Stocchi

• University of Turin and Center of Mycology, CNR, Turin, Italy

  Paola Bonfante

• University of Padua, Padua, Italy

  Marco Nuti

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