Human and Environmental Risks of Chlorinated Dioxins and Related Compounds

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xii

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2. Definition of the Problem

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

      PDF

   2. Dioxins as Contaminants of Herbicides: The U.S. Perspective

      • B. M. Shepard, A. L. Young

      Pages 3-11

   3. Dioxins as Contaminants of Herbicides: Australian Perspective

      • A. L. Black

      Pages 13-16

   4. The Use of Scientific Information in the Development of Public Policies

      • Jarrell E. Southall

      Pages 17-21

   5. Regulatory Actions on Dioxins and Related Compounds

      • D. G. Barnes

      Pages 23-31

   6. Dioxins and Related Compounds as Issues of International Concern

      • E. Somers, V. M. Douglas

      Pages 33-41

3. Analytical Chemistry

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 43-43

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   2. Analytical Methodology for the Determination of PCDDs and PCDFs in Products and Environmental Samples: An Overview and Critique

      • Warren B. Crummett

      Pages 45-63

   3. High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Methods of Analysis for Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans

      • R. L. Harless, A. E. Dupuy, D. D. McDaniel

      Pages 65-72

   4. Determination of Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and Tetrachlorodibenzofurans in Environmental Samples by High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Capillary Gas Chromatography and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

      • R. M. Smith, D. R. Hilker, P. W. O’Keefe, K. M. Aldous, C. M. Meyer, S. N. Kumar et al.

      Pages 73-94

   5. Methodology and Preliminary Results for the Isomer-Specific Determination of TCDDs and Higher Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins in Chimney Particulates from Wood-Fueled Domestic Furnaces Located In Eastern, Central, and Western Regions of the United States

      • T. J. Nestrick, L. L. Lamparski, L. A. Shadoff, T. L. Peters

      Pages 95-112

   6. Sampling and Analytical Methodologies for PCDDs and PCDFs in Incinerators and Wood Burning Facilities

      • D. K. W. Wang, D. H. Chiu, P. K. Leung, R. S. Thomas, R. C. Lao

      Pages 113-126

   7. Comparative Monitoring and Analytical Methodology for 2,3,7,8-TCDD in Fish

      • H. Tosine, D. Smillie, G. A. V. Rees

      Pages 127-139

4. Environmental Chemistry

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 141-141

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   2. Emissions of PCDDs and PCDFs from Combustion Sources

      • David P. Redford, Clarence L. Haile, Robert M. Lucas

      Pages 143-152

   3. Changes in Dioxin Isomer Group Ratios in the Environment: An Update and Extension of the Present Theory

      • D. I. Townsend

      Pages 153-160

   4. Analysis for 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin Residues in Environmental Samples

      • R. L. Harless, R. G. Lewis, A. E. Dupuy, D. D. McDaniel

      Pages 161-171

   5. Long-Term Studies on the Persistence and Movement of TCDD in A Natural Ecosystem

      • A. L. Young

      Pages 173-190

   6. Microbial Degradation of TCDD in A Model Ecosystem

      • F. Matsumura, John Quensen, G. Tsushimoto

      Pages 191-219

Increasing international concern is being expressed regarding the contamination of the environment with polychlorinated dibenzo-p­ dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans because certain of these chemicals have been shown to be highly toxic to animals and are ubiquitous in the environment. They are known to be distributed as contaminants of commercial products and as by-products from com­ bustion processes. A considerable volume of information has accumulated on these chemicals in the past two decades, particularly for the most toxic of them, 2,3,7,8-tetrach1orodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD). However, this body of knowledge has not succeeded in resolving genuine judgmental differences among experts in the field as to the degree of hazard to human health and the environment. In light of the widespread public concern, it is clearly imperative to come to grips with the continuing scientific controversy, to review the data, assess the issues, to see where areas of agreement exist, and where further research is needed to resolve remaining areas of disagree­ ment. This volume represents an effort to contribute to these goals.

• Experiment
• Potential
• biochemistry
• ecosystem
• metabolism

• Dynamac Corp Enviro Control Division, Rockville, USA

  Richard E. Tucker, Allan P. Gray

• U.S. Veterans Administration, USA

  Alvin L. Young

Policies and ethics