The Evolution of Exudativory in Primates

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xxi

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2. Introduction: Advances and Remaining Sticky Issues in the Understanding of Exudativory in Primates

   • Leanne T. Nash, Anne M. Burrows

   Pages 1-23

3. Nutritional and Digestive Challenges to Being a Gum-Feeding Primate

   • Michael L. Power

   Pages 25-44

4. Exudativory in Primates: Interspecific Patterns

   • Andrew C. Smith

   Pages 45-87

5. The Ecology of Exudate Production and Exudate Feeding in Saguinus and Callimico

   • Paul A. Garber, Leila M. Porter

   Pages 89-108

6. Influences on Gum Feeding in Primates

   • Andrew C. Smith

   Pages 109-121

7. Gummivory in Cheirogaleids: Primitive Retention or Adaptation to Hypervariable Environments?

   • Fabien G. S. Génin, Judith C. Masters, Jorg U. Ganzhorn

   Pages 123-140

8. Seasonality in Gum and Honeydew Feeding in Gray Mouse Lemurs

   • Marine Joly-Radko, Elke Zimmermann

   Pages 141-153

9. Comparative Ecology of Exudate Feeding by Lorises (Nycticebus, Loris) and Pottos (Perodicticus, Arctocebus)

   • K. Anne-Isola Nekaris, Carly R. Starr, Rebecca L. Collins, Angelina Wilson

   Pages 155-168

10. Exudativory and Primate Skull Form

    • Matthew J. Ravosa, Russell T. Hogg, Christopher J. Vinyard

    Pages 169-185

11. A Comparative Analysis of the Articular Cartilage in the Temporomandibular Joint of Gouging and Nongouging New World Monkeys

    • Amy L. Mork, Walter E. Horton, Christopher J. Vinyard

    Pages 187-210

12. Searching for Dental Signals of Exudativory in Galagos

    • Anne M. Burrows, Leanne T. Nash

    Pages 211-233

13. A Guide to Galago Diversity: Getting a Grip on How Best to Chew Gum

    • Isobel R. Stephenson, Simon K. Bearder, Guiseppe Donati, Johann Karlsson

    Pages 235-255

14. Tongue Morphology in Infant and Adult Bushbabies (Otolemur spp.)

    • Beth A. Docherty, Laura J. Alport, Kunwar P. Bhatnagar, Anne M. Burrows, Timothy D. Smith

    Pages 257-271

15. Adaptive Profile Versus Adaptive Specialization: Fossils and Gummivory in Early Primate Evolution

    • Alfred L. Rosenberger

    Pages 273-295

16. Back Matter

    Pages 297-303

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I first became involved in research into primate behavior and ecology in 1968, over 40 years ago, driven by a quest for a better understanding of the natural context of primate evolution. At that time, it was virtually unknown that primates can exploit exudates as a major food source. I was certainly unaware of this myself. By good fortune, I was awarded a postdoctoral grant to work on lemurs with Jean-Jacques Petter in the general ecology division of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Brunoy, France. This provided the launching-pad for my first field study of lesser mouse lemurs in Madagascar, during which I gained my initial inklings of exudate feeding. It was also in Brunoy that I met up with Pierre Charles- Dominique, who introduced me to pioneering observations of exudate feeding he had made during his field study of five lorisiform species in Gabon. This opened my eyes to a key feeding adaptation that has now been reported for at least 69 primate species in 12 families (Smith, Chap. 3) – almost 20% of extant primate species. So exudativory is now firmly established as a dietary category for p- mates, alongside the long-recognized classes of faunivory (including insectivory), frugivory, and folivory. Soon after I encountered Charles-Dominique, he published the first synthetic account of his Gabon field study in a French language journal (Charles-Dominique 1971).

• Adaptation
• currentJRC
• ecology
• environment
• evolution
• monkeys
• morphology
• mouse
• primates

From the reviews:

“Exudativory, or exudate-feeding, is a dietary category that is remarkably prevalent among primates. … Morphologist Burrows (Duquesne) and primatologist Nash (Arizona State) have compiled 14 chapters by 29 contributors covering all aspects of exudativory, including nutrition, digestion, ecology, evolution, and morphology (skull, temporomandibular joint, teeth, hands, feet, nails, and tongue). … Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through professionals in primatology, biological anthropology, and zoology.” (E. J. Sargis, Choice, Vol. 48 (6), February, 2011)

“This book takes a broad perspective and reviews the state of the art of our knowledge on primate exudativory from different view-points. … the book will be of interest and appeal to primate ecologists and evolutionary biologists, and to anthropologists and mammalogists interested in feeding strategies and adaptations. I can highly recommend this book to everyone.” (Eckhard W. Heymann, Folia Primatologica, Vol. 82, 2011)

“Book edited by Anne M. Burrows and Lean T. Nash … is based on a symposium held at the 22nd Congress of the International Primatological Society in Edinburg in 2008. … the book certainly stimulates interesting thoughts and will inspire further in-depth studies on exudativory in primates and other taxa. I do recommend this … book for those interested in primate ecology, functional morphology, and evolution. It will certainly be the major reference on primate exudativory … .” (Melanie Dammhahn, International Journal of Primatology, Vol. 33, 2012)

• Dept. Physical Therapy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, USA

  Anne M. Burrows

• School of Human Evolution &, Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA

  Leanne T. Nash

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