Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xxxvi

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2. General Methods and Overviews

   1. Metabolic Transformations of Malignant Cells: An Overview

      • Leslie C. Costello, Renty B. Franklin

      Pages 3-16

   2. Detection of Recurrent Cancer by Radiological Imaging

      • S. J. Gwyther

      Pages 17-37

   3. Tumor Gene Therapy: Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

      • Mikko I. Kettunen, Olli H. J. Gröhn

      Pages 39-53

   4. Assessment of Gene Transfer: Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Nuclear Medicine Techniques

      • Annette Altmann, Uwe Haberkorn

      Pages 55-73

   5. Role of TP53 Mutations in Cancer (An Overview)

      • Franck Toledo

      Pages 75-92

   6. Personalized Medicine for Cancer

      • Sarah J. Welsh, Garth Powis

      Pages 93-107

   7. Radiation Doses to Patients Using Computed Radiography, Direct Digital Radiography, and Screen-Film Radiography

      • Gaetano Compagnone

      Pages 109-128

   8. Cancer Vaccines and Immune Monitoring (An Overview)

      • Zsuzsanna Tabi, Stephen Man

      Pages 129-159

   9. New Insights into the Role of Infection,Immunity and Apoptosis in the Genesis of the Cancer Stem Cell

      • Peter Grandics

      Pages 161-177

   10. Successful Cancer Treatment: Eradication of Cancer Stem Cells

       • David Dingli, Jorge M. Pacheco

       Pages 179-191

   11. Overexposure of Patients to Ionizing Radiation: An Overview

       • Philip Clewer

       Pages 193-200

3. Lung Cancer

   1. Lung Carcinoma

      • M. A. Hayat

      Pages 203-206

   2. Extra-Pulmonary Small Cell Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis

      • Rabia K. Shahid, Kamal Haider, Amer Sami, Imran Ahmad, Florence Arnold, Sunil Yadav et al.

      Pages 207-217

   3. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Lung: Automated Segmentation Methods

      • William F. Sensakovic, Samuel G. Armato III

      Pages 219-234

   4. Peripheral Lung Lesions: Diagnosis Using Transcutaneous Contrast-Enhanced Sonography

      • Christian Görg, Angelique Holland

      Pages 235-245

   5. Small Pulmonary Nodules: Detection Using Multidetector-Row Computed Tomography

      • Marco Das

      Pages 247-260

   6. Secondary Primary Cancer Following Chemoradiation for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

      • Nagio Takigawa, Yoshihiko Segawa, Katsuyuki Kiura

      Pages 261-267

   7. Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Second-Line Treatment with Docetaxel

      • Cesare Gridelli, Paolo Maione

      Pages 269-280

   8. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Brain Metastases: Platinum-Based Chemotherapy

      • Fabrizio Nelli, Luca Moscetti

      Pages 281-289

Cancer is the leading cause of death, in the number of older cancer patients is after cardiovascular diseases, in the expected. Approximately, 77% of all types United States. A total of ? 1,399,790 new of cancers are diagnosed in persons of 55 cancer cases and ? 564,830 deaths were years and older. It was estimated that o- reported in the year 2006 in the country. third of the 559,650 cancer deaths in 2007 Approximately, one in every two men and in the United States were related to ov- one in every three women in the country weight or obesity, physical inactivity, and will have some type of cancer during nutrition, and thus could also be prevented their lifetime. Healthcare costs exceed (Am. Cancer Society, 2007). However, 1. 7 trillion dollars per year in the United in developed countries, including United States, which is ? 15% of the country’s States, the average person of 65 years can gross domestic product. expect to live another 15 years in a fairly Tobacco use is the most serious prevent- good health. Persons of 75 or 85 years old able cause of cancer. Tobacco use causes have an average expectancy of 10 and 6 cancer of the lung, throat, mouth, pancreas, years, respectively. urinary bladder, stomach, liver, kidney, and During the last three decades, intensive other types. Passive smoking causes lung clinical research has resulted in reduced cancer.

• Krebs
• Staging
• TNM staging system
• Tumor
• apoptosis
• carcinoma
• computed tomography (CT)
• diagnosis
• imaging
• magnetic resonance spectroscopy
• positron emission tomography
• surgery
• surgical oncology
• Radiaton Oncology

"Once more Professor Hayat has to be congratulated for bringing together 56 leading scientists representing 16 countries in the field of breast cancer, which has made it possible to publish such an excellent book. It represents a valuable addition to the available literature on breast cancer treatment since it covers all aspects of breast cancer, including diagnosis, treatments, and prognosis. Thereby, not only efficacy of various anticancer drugs and their side-effects are pointed out, but also the necessity of age-dependent breast cancer strategies is highlighted. Therefore, I conclude that this book is a true benefit to all clinicians, surgeons, and oncologists working in the field of breast cancer."

Professor Dr. Thomas Dittmer
Institute of Immunology
Witten/Herdecke University
Witten, Germany

"This first volume of the Handbook on Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis, concerns problems related to diagnosis, treatment, monitoring of therapy, and prognosis in breast cancer. This is an impressive monograph containing data range on novel techniques (e.g., PET examination of sentinel lymph nodes) used in early diagnosis, prognosis (Molecular studies on circulating neoplastic cells), and treatment (surgery, chemo-radio-and hormontherapy) of various histological types of breast cancer. This monograph resulting from cooperative efforts of 56 authors from 16 countries (specialists in this field) cannot be matched by any publication of this type. The oncologists, pathologists, and scientists engaged in problems of breast cancer should have this extremely valuable Handbook at hand."

Professor Piotr Dziegiel
Department of Histology and Embryology
Medical University of Wroclaw, Poland

"It has been a great pleasure to review the forthcoming book, Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis: Volume 1, edited by Professor M.A. Hayat. Dr. Hayat is a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences, Kean University, Union, New Jersey. After seeing the chapters listed in his book, I am very impressed by the thoroughness of the topics in the proposed book. As an editor, Dr. Hayat has assembled a group of well known researchers and clinicians from many parts of the world to write the state-of-the art chapters on breast cancer, including but not limited to the chapters, on computer-assisted diagnosis, familial breast cancer, serum markers in diagnosis, circulating cancer cells before and after treatments, epigenetic markers, metastasis and its detection, validation of biomarkers, immunohistochemistry, invasive cancer and treatments. He has summarized the problems associated with the complexities of research publications which are not easy reading even for many scientists and clinicians. The subject matter is, undoubtedly, complex and formidable for many breast cancer patients.

The current consolidated information on breast cancer research is not readily available. The numbers of cancer cases are projected to increase significantly by 2030, especially in low and middle income countries. Even in the advanced countries, there is a population of low and middle income people who do not have access to appropriate diagnosis and treatment. These people suffer from the same problems as those belonging to the low and middle income countries. Dr. Hayat has provided data in his preface showing that some cancers can be reduced by changes in lifestyle and education. His assessment is very timely.

With best wishes and regards to Dr. Hayat."

Akhouri A. Sinha, Ph.D. Professor of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, The University of Minnesota and Research Scientist at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

"Professor Hayat has done it again! He has edited (METHODS OF CANCER DIAGNOSIS, THERAPY, AND PROGNOSIS, to be published by Springer) a comprehensive treatise on diagnosis, therapy, recurrence, resistance along with risk benefit ratio in cancers with special emphasis on breast cancer. Scientists and clinicians from the world over have contributed the latest advances in their respective areas of expertise. The reader is provided with a whole field view of the state of the art in breast cancer management. This treatise will serve as a must read for oncologists, scientist researchers and students of cancer biology. I look forward to the next series dealing with epidemiology, genetic predisposition and the role of the tumor microenvironment in cancer biology."

Debabrata Banerjee Ph.D
Associate Professor
Medicine and Pharmacology
Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick

• Department of Biological Sciences, Kean University, Union, USA

  M. A. Hayat

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