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Superplumes: Beyond Plate Tectonics

  • Book
  • © 2007

Overview

Editors:
  1. David A. Yuen

    1. University of Minnesota, U.S.A.

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  2. Shigenori Maruyama

    1. Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan

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  3. Shun-Ichiro Karato

    1. Yale University, Connecticut, U.S.A.

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  4. Brian F. Windley

    1. University of Leicester, U.K.

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  • Presenting a new concept to explain catastrophic events on Earth through geologic time, such as mass extinction and drastic environmental change
  • Interdisciplinary in approach and authorship
  • Abundantly illustrated with full color images

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Table of contents (18 chapters)

  1. Front Matter

    Pages I-XIV
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  2. The Thermal and Compositional Structure of the Earth

    1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-6
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    2. Multiscale Seismic Tomography of Mantle Plumes and Subducting Slabs

      • Dapeng Zhao
      Pages 7-30

    3. Seismological Constraints on the Structure of the Earth's Core

      • Miaki Ishii
      Pages 31-68

    4. Post-Perovskite Phase Transition and the Nature of the Dʺ Layer

      • Kei Hirose
      Pages 69-82

    5. Post-Perovskite MgSiO3 Investigated by First Principles

      • Taku Tsuchiya, Jun Tsuchiya, Renata M. Wentzcovitch
      Pages 83-104

  3. Seismological Evidence and Boundary Layers in the Mantle

    1. Front Matter

      Pages 105-112
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    2. Subduction Zone: The Water Channel to the Mantle

      • Soichi Omori, Tetsuya Komabayashi
      Pages 113-138

    3. Fine-Scale Ultra-Low Velocity Zone Layering at the Core-Mantle Boundary and Superplumes

      • Edward J. Garnero, Michael S. Thorne, Allen McNamara, Sebastian Rost
      Pages 139-158

  4. Global Material Circulation and Petrogenesis of Superplume Rocks

    1. Front Matter

      Pages 159-164
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    2. A Geochemical and Petrological View of Mantle Plume

      • Tetsu Kogiso
      Pages 165-186

    3. Material Circulation through Time: Chemical Differentiation Within the Mantle and Secular Variation of Temperature and Composition of the Mantle

      • Tsuyoshi Komiya
      Pages 187-234

  5. Dynamics of Superplumes

    1. Front Matter

      Pages 235-238
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    2. Dynamics of Superplumes in the Lower Mantle

      • David A. Yuen, Marc Monnereau, Ulrich Hansen, Masanori Kameyama, Ctirad Matyska
      Pages 239-268

    3. Thermal Conductivity of the Earth's Deepest Mantle

      • Anne M. Hofmeister
      Pages 269-292

    4. Thermo-Chemical Structure of the Lower Mantle: Seismological Evidence and Consequences for Geodynamics

      • Frédéric Deschamps, Jeannot Trampert, Paul J. Tackley
      Pages 293-320Open Access

    5. Microscopic Models for the Effects of Hydrogen on Physical and Chemical Properties of Earth Materials

      • Shun-Ichiro Karato
      Pages 321-356

  6. Plume Dynamics through Earth History

    1. Front Matter

      Pages 357-362
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    2. History of the Pacific Superplume: Implications for Pacific Paleogeography Since the Late Proterozoic

      • Atsushi Utsunomiya, Tsutomu Ota, Brian F. Windley, Norihito Suzuki, Yuko Uchio, Kuniko Munekata et al.
      Pages 363-408

    3. Plume Winter Scenario for Biosphere Catastrophe: The Permo-Triassic Boundary Case

      • Yukio Isozaki
      Pages 409-440
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Keywords

About this book

Forty years ago when plate tectonics was first discovered, there was a major shift in thinking in the Earth Sciences. Little was known at that time about the deep mantle because of the lack of knowledge about material properties, the absence of any seismic tomography or concepts such as mantle convection. Thus the theory of platetectonicswasbuiltonsurfaceobservationsandkinematicconstraints.Thetheory of plate tectonics is not independent but consists of several assumptions. Examples are the origin of arc magma, MORB or OIB, and the distribution of earthquakes and the plate margin processes are all part of plate tectonics theory. In the intervening years much progress has been made in all three burgeoning areas of mineral physics, seismic tomography and mantle dynamics, thanks to the technological advances in synchrotron radiation and supercomputers. Mineralphysicsstudieshaveprovidedsomeofthekeyparametersthatcontrolthe style of mantle convection. The style of convection in the Earth’s mantle is largely controlled by complex material properties including the changes in density and v- cosityassociatedwithalargevariationinthepressureandtemperatureoftheEarth’s interior. These key physical properties have become the target of both experimental andtheoreticalstudiesinmineralphysics.Startingfromtheearly90s,theadvancesin high-performance computational capability has allowed us to incorporate these m- eral physics findings into large-scale computational modeling of mantle convection; and these studies have highlighted the complexities of mantle convection caused by the variation in density due to both thermal and chemical anomalies (and viscosity) in the Earth’s deep interior.

Reviews

From the reviews:

“The advance in the Earth sciences exhibited in this book became possible owing to the application of up-to-date technologies, primarily of seismic tomography and petrology. … the book is recommended as the up-to-date theoretical basis for any kind of geological research: tectonic, petrologic, geophysical, mineragenic, etc. … The authors set a stress on equivocal character of their statements and outline top-priority problems of the Earth sciences to be solved, making the reviewed publication still more valuable.”­­­ (V. E. Khain and N. I. Filatova, Geotectonics, Vol. 44 (1), 2010)

Editors and Affiliations

  • University of Minnesota, U.S.A.

    David A. Yuen

  • Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan

    Shigenori Maruyama

  • Yale University, Connecticut, U.S.A.

    Shun-Ichiro Karato

  • University of Leicester, U.K.

    Brian F. Windley

About the editors

The four editors and most contributors have been a major group to organize recent critical international workshops, AGU special symposium, and other international workshop including last several Penrose conferences.

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