Cooperative Research and Development: The Industry—University—Government Relationship

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xxi

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2. The Role Players

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. A Typology of Industry—Government Laboratory Cooperative Research: Implications for Government Laboratory Policies and Competitiveness

      • David H. Coursey, Barry L. Bozeman

      Pages 3-20

   3. Financing Industry—Government Cooperation in Industrial Research

      • Joseph J. Cordes, Harry S. Watson

      Pages 21-42

   4. University—Industry Relations: A Review of Major Issues

      • Eliezer Geisler, Albert H. Rubenstein

      Pages 43-62

3. National Strategies

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 63-63

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   2. Historical and Economic Perspectives of the National Cooperative Research Act

      • John T. Scott

      Pages 65-84

   3. Technology Policy and Collaborative Research in Europe

      • Roy Rothwell

      Pages 85-102

   4. Joint R&D and Industrial Policy in Japan

      • David B. Audretsch

      Pages 103-125

   5. Cooperative Research and International Rivalry

      • L. Fernando Ruiz-Mier

      Pages 127-141

4. Impacts on Industrial Strategies

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 143-143

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   2. Collaborative Research and High-Temperature Superconductivity

      • David C. Mowery

      Pages 145-165

   3. Cooperative Research in the Automobile Industry: A Multinational Perspective

      • Gerhard Rosegger

      Pages 167-186

   4. Coalitions, Cooperative Research, and Technology Development in the Globalization of the Semiconductor Industry

      • Asim Erdilek

      Pages 187-208

5. Back Matter

   Pages 209-217

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We must all hang together or surely we will all hang separately. Benjamin Franklin The significant apathy that characterized relationships between indus­ try and universities and the adversarial nature of relationships between industry and government have both faded rapidly in the 1980s as the realities of global competition have surfaced in the United States. Both industry and government leaders articulate a number of constructs for regaining our competitiveness in world markets. One of the more fre­ quent strategies prescribed in this new competitiveness era is cooperation. Different individuals or groups may espouse different definitions, inter­ pretations, or areas of emphasis, but the overall importance of this concept is substantial. Although examples of cooperative research have existed for several decades, the number and variety of relationships have expanded rapidly in the 1980s as corporations, universities, and governments have embraced this strategy. Joint ventures involving two or three firms increased from under 200 per year in the 1970s to over 400 per year by the mid-1980s. Multiple-firm cooperative arrangements are a more recent phenomenon, made possible by the National Cooperative Research Act of 1984. By mid- 1988,81 of these industry-level consortia had formed under the provisions of the 1984 Act. The rapid growth in cooperative research and development (R&D) is primarily a response to the pressures of international competition. As a corporate strategy, cooperative R&D meets short-term needs for assets to implement new approaches for coping with intensifying competition.

• competitiveness
• development
• research & development (R&D)
• strategy
• technology policy

• Department of Economics, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA

  Albert N. Link

• National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA

  Gregory Tassey

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