The Continental-Scale Greenhouse Gas Balance of Europe

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xiii

   PDF

2. Introduction: Observing the Continental-Scale Greenhouse Gas Balance

   • A. Johannes Dolman, Riccardo Valentini, Annette Freibauer

   Pages 1-4

3. Observing a Vulnerable Carbon Cycle

   • Michael R. Raupach, Joseph G. Canadell

   Pages 5-32

4. Assimilation and Network Design

   • Thomas Kaminski, Peter J. Rayner

   Pages 33-52

5. Quantifying Fossil Fuel CO2 over Europe

   • Ingeborg Levin, Ute Karstens

   Pages 53-72

6. Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Carbon Emissions

   • Stefan Reis, Heiko Pfeiffer, Jochen Theloke, Yvonne Scholz

   Pages 73-90

7. Issues in Establishing In Situ Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Networks in Europe and in Regions of Interest to Europe

   • Euan Nisbet, Phillip O’Brien, C. Mary R. Fowler, Aodhagan Roddy

   Pages 91-111

8. Estimating Sources and Sinks of Methane: An Atmospheric View

   • Peter Bergamaschi, Philippe Bousquet

   Pages 113-133

9. Designing an Observation Strategy for N2O

   • Annette Freibauer

   Pages 135-151

10. Monitoring Carbon Stock Changes in European Soils: Process Understanding and Sampling Strategies

    • Marion Schrumpf, Jens Schumacher, Ingo Schöning, Ernst-Detlef Schulze

    Pages 153-189

11. Monitoring Carbon Stock Changes in European Forests Using Forest Inventory Data

    • Raisa Mäkipää, Aleksi Lehtonen, Mikko Peltoniemi

    Pages 191-214

12. Flux Tower Sites, State of the Art, and Network Design

    • A. Johannes Dolman, Riccardo Valentini, Margriet Groenendijk, Dimmie Hendriks

    Pages 215-242

13. Observations and Status of Peatland Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Europe

    • Matthias Drösler, Annette Freibauer, Torben R. Christensen, Thomas Friborg

    Pages 243-261

14. Towards a Full Accounting of the Greenhouse Gas Balance of European Grasslands

    • Jean-François Soussana

    Pages 263-283

15. Regional Measurements and Modelling of Carbon Exchange

    • A. Johannes Dolman, Joel Noilhan, Lieselotte Tolk, Thomas Lauvaux, Michiel van der Molen, Christoph Gerbig et al.

    Pages 285-307

16. Using Satellite Observations in Regional Scale Calculations of Carbon Exchange

    • Shaun Quegan, Philip Lewis, Tristan Quaife, Gareth Roberts, Martin Wooster, Mathias Disney

    Pages 309-339

17. The Lateral Carbon Pump, and the European Carbon Balance

    • Philippe Ciais, Alberto V. Borges, Gwenael Abril, Michel Meybeck, Gerd Folberth, Didier Hauglustaine et al.

    Pages 341-360

18. Multiple Constraint Estimates of the European Carbon Balance

    • Martin Heimann, Christian Rödenbeck, Galina Churkina

    Pages 361-375

19. A Roadmap for a Continental-Scale Greenhouse Gas Observing System in Europe

    • A. Johannes Dolman, Philippe Ciais, Riccardo Valentini, Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Martin Heimann, Annette Freibauer

    Pages 377-386

20. Back Matter

    Pages 387-390

    PDF

The human interference with the climate system, the perturbation of the carbon cycle through massive release of greenhouse gases, caused by fossil fuel burning and land-use change, is threatening society and represents a key challenge for research and policies in the twenty-first century. Growing evidence of hum- induced climate change has raised public concern calling for urgent international policy actions. Initiatives culminated in the establishment of the United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol (1997), where Parties for the first time agreed on legally binding commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It is worth noting that the unfinished ‘sink’ business, the Articles in the Kyoto Protocol dealing with terrestrial biospheric carbon dioxide sources and sinks, gave carbon cycle research a real boost. In the 1990s, the regional carbon balance and how the different ecosystems contribute at different timescales under different environmental conditions were hardly known. During the fourth Framework Programme (1994–1998), the European Union supported more than 20 research projects studying the components of the carbon cycle. These projects provided a solid basis for a more integrated attempt to tackle the research challenges and demands imposed by the Kyoto Protocol at European scale. Both the European Commission and the scientific community felt that it was time to develop an integrated carbon cycle research programme taking the new challenges on board.

• CO2
• CarboEurope
• GHG
• Greenhouse gas
• Scale
• Transport
• air pollution
• atmosphere
• carbon cycle
• carbon dioxide
• ecosystem
• greenhouse
• monitoring
• satellite
• wetland
• Climate change management
• climate change

• VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

  A. Johannes Dolman

• University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy

  Riccardo Valentini

• Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany

  Annette Freibauer

Policies and ethics