Toll and Toll-Like Receptors:

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-x

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2. Introduction

   • Elizabeth H. Bassett, Tina Rich

   Pages 1-17

3. The Function of Toll-Like Receptors

   • Zlatko Dembic

   Pages 18-55

4. Structures and Motifs Involved in Toll Signaling

   • Monique Gangloff, Phumzile L. Ludidi, Nicholas J. Gay

   Pages 56-93

5. “Supramolecular” Activation Clusters in Innate Immunity

   • Martha Triantafilou, Kathy Triantafilou

   Pages 94-109

6. Interleukin-1 Receptor/Toll-Like Receptor Signaling

   • Harald Wajant, Peter Scheurich, Frank Henkler

   Pages 110-130

7. Virus Induced Signaling to Initiate the Interferon Mediated Anti-Viral Host Response

   • Claudia Wietek, Luke A. J. O’Neill

   Pages 131-146

8. The Induction of Dendritic Cell Activation and Maturation by Toll-Like Receptor Signaling

   • Tsuneyasu Kaisho, Shizuo Akira

   Pages 147-161

9. Pathogen Avoidance Using Toll Signaling in C. elegans

   • Nathalie Pujol, Jonathan J. Ewbank

   Pages 162-167

10. Forward Genetic Analysis of TLR Pathways

    • Bruce Beutler, Kasper Hoebe, Philippe Georgel, Xin Du

    Pages 168-180

11. Agonists of Toll-Like Receptor 9

    • Ekambar R. Kandimalla, Sudhir Agrawal

    Pages 181-212

12. Back Matter

    Pages 213-218

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Toll Receptors and the Renaissance of Innate Immunity Elizabeth H. Bassett and Tina Rich Overview n the last few pages of Immunology: The Science of Self-Nonself Discrimination Jan Klein ponders on what he would study if he were to start over in the lab. ^ Dismissing the I antibody, MHC, the T-cell and parasitology, he considers instead the phylogeny of immune reactions, particularly in ancient phyla. As for a favored cell he chooses the macrophage. Describ­ ing it as a ^^MddchenfUr alles," (all purpose kitchen maid) Klein believed that this immunocyte still had secrets to reveal. Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) biology would prove to be one of these secrets. Analyses of the evolution of these receptors (Tolls and TLRs) have also helped us to rethink immune system phylogeny. In the first part of this chapter the history of the discovery of Toll and TLR biology is described. The evolution of the TLR genes and theories of immune function are covered in later sections. The remainder of this book presents work from nine groups active in the field. In the first chapter, "The Function of Toll-Like Receptors", Zlatko Dembic sets the stage by introducing us to many of the components of the immune system and their relationships vis a vis Toll receptors. Zlatko finishes his chapter with a discussion about current immune system models and contributes his own 'integrity model'. Work from the laboratory of Nicholas Gay follows this in "Structures and Motifs Involved in Toll Signaling".

• Activation
• Immune System
• Immunity
• Termination
• host response
• immune surveillance
• interferon
• signal transduction
• transcription

• Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

  Tina Rich

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